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The shadow square, also known as an altitude scale, was an instrument used to determine the linear height of an object, in conjunction with the alidade, for angular observations. An early example was described in an Arabic treatise likely dating to 9th or 10th-century Baghdad. Shadow squares are often found on the backs of astrolabes.

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  • مظلال (ar)
  • Quadrato delle ombre (it)
  • Shadow square (en)
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  • المظلال أو مقياس الظل (بالإنجليزية: Shadow square أو altitude scale) كانت أداة تُستخدم لتحديد الارتفاع الخطي لجسم ما، بالتزامن مع العضادة، من أجل الملاحظات الزاويّة. اخترعه محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي في بغداد في القرن التاسع. غالبًا ما يُوجد المظلال على الأسطرلاب. (ar)
  • The shadow square, also known as an altitude scale, was an instrument used to determine the linear height of an object, in conjunction with the alidade, for angular observations. An early example was described in an Arabic treatise likely dating to 9th or 10th-century Baghdad. Shadow squares are often found on the backs of astrolabes. (en)
  • Il quadrato delle ombre è l'elemento fondamentale del cosiddetto . Detta anche scala altimetra, generalmente è posizionato sul dorso degli astrolabi e dei quadranti. È uno strumento che serve a misurare altezze e distanze, simulando il rapporto tra uno gnomone e la sua ombra. L'umbra recta simula l'ombra gettata sul piano orizzontale da uno gnomone verticale quando il raggio del Sole è inclinato da 0° a 45°. L'umbra versa simula l'ombra gettata sul piano verticale da uno gnomone orizzontale quando il raggio del Sole è inclinato da 45° a 90°. Ad ogni valore dell'umbra recta corrisponde un valore dell'umbra versa. Quando il raggio è inclinato di 45°, le due ombre si equivalgono (umbra media). (it)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gnomon--21juin.gif
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Astrolabio_(16787706916).jpg
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  • المظلال أو مقياس الظل (بالإنجليزية: Shadow square أو altitude scale) كانت أداة تُستخدم لتحديد الارتفاع الخطي لجسم ما، بالتزامن مع العضادة، من أجل الملاحظات الزاويّة. اخترعه محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي في بغداد في القرن التاسع. غالبًا ما يُوجد المظلال على الأسطرلاب. (ar)
  • The shadow square, also known as an altitude scale, was an instrument used to determine the linear height of an object, in conjunction with the alidade, for angular observations. An early example was described in an Arabic treatise likely dating to 9th or 10th-century Baghdad. Shadow squares are often found on the backs of astrolabes. (en)
  • Il quadrato delle ombre è l'elemento fondamentale del cosiddetto . Detta anche scala altimetra, generalmente è posizionato sul dorso degli astrolabi e dei quadranti. È uno strumento che serve a misurare altezze e distanze, simulando il rapporto tra uno gnomone e la sua ombra. L'umbra recta simula l'ombra gettata sul piano orizzontale da uno gnomone verticale quando il raggio del Sole è inclinato da 0° a 45°. L'umbra versa simula l'ombra gettata sul piano verticale da uno gnomone orizzontale quando il raggio del Sole è inclinato da 45° a 90°. Ad ogni valore dell'umbra recta corrisponde un valore dell'umbra versa. Quando il raggio è inclinato di 45°, le due ombre si equivalgono (umbra media). (it)
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