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Semifonte was a fortified city in Tuscany, Italy, built during the late 12th century and destroyed after a siege by Florence in 1202. Its remains are within the modern comune of Barberino Val d'Elsa. It was sited midway between Florence and Siena on a hill overlooking the Elsa valley and the intersection of the two main routes in the area, the Via Francigena and the Via Chiantigiana, so enabling it to control trade in Tuscany. This dominant position proved to be its downfall.

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  • Semifonte (it)
  • Semifonte (en)
  • Semifonte (sv)
  • 塞米丰特 (zh)
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  • 塞米丰特(義大利語:Semifonte)是意大利托斯卡纳歷史上的一座要塞,建于12世纪末,1202年被佛罗伦萨摧毀,遺址位於埃尔萨河谷巴贝里诺。佛罗伦萨當時要求當地居民拆除塞米丰特任何建築物,並将這些居民全部流放,且禁止任何人在该地再建任何建筑。直到1597年,在塞米丰特遗址上建造了一座纪念性的小教堂,教堂內供奉着圣米迦勒。这个小教堂或者是18世纪由洛雷纳(Lorena)家族建造的。小教堂上方的圆顶是以1:8的比例複製佛罗伦萨大教堂上的菲利波·布鲁内莱斯基圆顶而來。 (zh)
  • Semifonte was a fortified city in Tuscany, Italy, built during the late 12th century and destroyed after a siege by Florence in 1202. Its remains are within the modern comune of Barberino Val d'Elsa. It was sited midway between Florence and Siena on a hill overlooking the Elsa valley and the intersection of the two main routes in the area, the Via Francigena and the Via Chiantigiana, so enabling it to control trade in Tuscany. This dominant position proved to be its downfall. (en)
  • Semifonte fu una città fortificata, che sul finire del XII secolo divenne una fiera avversaria di Firenze. Oggi il toponimo indica una località nei pressi di Petrognano, frazione del comune di Barberino Tavarnelle, in provincia di Firenze. (it)
  • Semifonte var en befäst stad i Toscana, Italien, byggd under det sena 1100-talet och förstörd efter belägringen av Florens år 1202. Dess ruiner ligger idag inom den moderna kommunen Barberino Val d'Elsa nära . Staden var belägen mitt emellan Florens och Siena, på en kulle med utsikt över Elsadalen och i skärningspunkten mellan de två huvudvägarna i området, och , något som ledde till kontroll över handeln i Toscana. Denna dominerande ställning visade sig vara dess undergång. (sv)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cappella_di_semifonte_(FI).jpg
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  • 43.54204444444444 11.131091666666666
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  • Semifonte was a fortified city in Tuscany, Italy, built during the late 12th century and destroyed after a siege by Florence in 1202. Its remains are within the modern comune of Barberino Val d'Elsa. It was sited midway between Florence and Siena on a hill overlooking the Elsa valley and the intersection of the two main routes in the area, the Via Francigena and the Via Chiantigiana, so enabling it to control trade in Tuscany. This dominant position proved to be its downfall. The peace treaty required the surviving inhabitants to demolish their own city, exiled them all, and forbade any further building on the site. Supposedly salt was plowed into the ground. After the demolition, the stone was transported to nearby Barberino Val d'Elsa and was used in 1204, to build the walls that still stand today. It was not until the 16th century that a commemorative chapel, dedicated to St Michael, was built on the site of Semifonte, by Santi di Tito in 1597; or in the 18th century by the Lorena family. The dome surmounting the chapel is a one-eighth scale replica of Brunelleschi's dome on the cathedral of Florence, Today, very little remains of the city: one truncated tower of the southern gate (Porta San Niccolò) and a nearby chapel, plus various buried remains. These are to be found on the summit of the hill above the village of Petrognano-Semifonte, which dates back to the time of the city and stood outside the walls. The Florentine campaign is documented in the archives of Florence. The events were also described by Pace di Certaldo, a contemporary author. There is a modern account in Italian in the book "Semifonte" by Enzo Salvini. (en)
  • Semifonte fu una città fortificata, che sul finire del XII secolo divenne una fiera avversaria di Firenze. Oggi il toponimo indica una località nei pressi di Petrognano, frazione del comune di Barberino Tavarnelle, in provincia di Firenze. Il nome deriva da latino Summus Fons ('fonte somma' ossia 'sorgente d'acqua alla sommità di un'altura'), divenuto in seguito Summofonte e infine Semifonte. Il castello prima e la città poi vennero fondati, intorno al 1177, dal conte Alberto IV degli Alberti di Prato, divenendo, in breve, uno dei centri più potenti della Valdelsa, nonché caposaldo imperiale nella zona. L'affermarsi di Semifonte fu immediatamente malvisto dalla Repubblica fiorentina, che vi si oppose in ogni modo e riuscì a sconfiggerla nel volgere di un ventennio. Nel 1202, Semifonte, dopo un assedio iniziato nel 1198, venne sconfitta, conquistata e subito rasa al suolo dalle truppe di Firenze, che con ciò intese dare un esempio ad altri centri con essa in competizione. Terminata l'opera di distruzione, Firenze decretò che su quel colle non si sarebbe mai più potuto costruire edificio alcuno. Tale divieto è stato, di fatto, rispettato fino ad oggi, fatta eccezione per la Cappella di San Michele, eretta nel 1597 sulla cima del colle su progetto dell'architetto Santi di Tito (1536-1603), il quale, con fatica, aveva ottenuto l'approvazione da Ferdinando I de' Medici, allora Granduca di Toscana. (it)
  • Semifonte var en befäst stad i Toscana, Italien, byggd under det sena 1100-talet och förstörd efter belägringen av Florens år 1202. Dess ruiner ligger idag inom den moderna kommunen Barberino Val d'Elsa nära . Staden var belägen mitt emellan Florens och Siena, på en kulle med utsikt över Elsadalen och i skärningspunkten mellan de två huvudvägarna i området, och , något som ledde till kontroll över handeln i Toscana. Denna dominerande ställning visade sig vara dess undergång. Namnet kommer av Summos Fons som betyder vattenkälla på toppen av kulle. Den grundades ca 1177 av greve IV Alberto Alberti (benämnd: Conti di Prato). Mellan 1154 och 1174 kom emellertid kejsar Fredrik Barbarossa till nuvarande Norditalien för att kuva de fria städerna. Hela kampen stod emellan adeln och kejsaren. Staden revs och efter rivningen, togs sten som transporterades till närliggande Barberino Val d'Elsa och användes från 1204 för att bygga murar som fortfarande står kvar. Idag står det bara kvar en byggnad, ett minneskapell. Dessutom finns delar av torn från den södra porten (Porta San Niccolò) och ett närliggande kapell. (sv)
  • 塞米丰特(義大利語:Semifonte)是意大利托斯卡纳歷史上的一座要塞,建于12世纪末,1202年被佛罗伦萨摧毀,遺址位於埃尔萨河谷巴贝里诺。佛罗伦萨當時要求當地居民拆除塞米丰特任何建築物,並将這些居民全部流放,且禁止任何人在该地再建任何建筑。直到1597年,在塞米丰特遗址上建造了一座纪念性的小教堂,教堂內供奉着圣米迦勒。这个小教堂或者是18世纪由洛雷纳(Lorena)家族建造的。小教堂上方的圆顶是以1:8的比例複製佛罗伦萨大教堂上的菲利波·布鲁内莱斯基圆顶而來。 (zh)
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