Samuel Preston Bayard (April 10, 1908 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – January 10, 1997 in State College, Pennsylvania) was an American folklorist and musicologist. He received a B.A. in English from Pennsylvania State University in 1934 and later earned an M.A. from Harvard University. In addition to his work on fiddle tunes, he was the expert on the use of the fife in traditional American music. He is fondly remembered by former students for his large collection of snuffboxes, which he used regularly. He was a fellow of the American Folklore Society, and its president from 1965 to 1966.