Runaway breakdown is a theory of lightning initiation proposed by Alex Gurevich in 1992. Electrons in air have a mean free path of ~1 cm. Fast electrons which move at a large fraction of the speed of light have a mean free path up to 100 times longer. Given the long free paths, an electric field can accelerate these electrons to energies far higher than that of initially static electrons. If they strike air molecules, more relativistic electrons will be released, creating an avalanche multiplication of "runaway" electrons. This process, relativistic runaway electron avalanche, has been hypothesized to lead to electrical breakdown in thunderstorms, but only when a source of high-energy electrons from a cosmic ray is present to start the "runaway" process.
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| - Runaway-Breakdown (de)
- Runaway breakdown (en)
- Пробой на убегающих электронах (ru)
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| - Der Runaway-Breakdown, im Deutschen auch Runaway-Entladung genannt, ist ein physikalischer Effekt der elektrischen Entladung, der wahrscheinlich bei der Blitzentstehung eine Rolle spielt. Dabei sinkt der Widerstand, den in Luft beschleunigte Elektronen durch Stöße erfahren, ab einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit, anstatt weiter zu steigen. (de)
- Пробой на убегающих электронах — электрический пробой, в теории дающий начало молнии. Это явление было впервые рассмотрено в 1992 году российским физиком Александром Гуревичем. (ru)
- Runaway breakdown is a theory of lightning initiation proposed by Alex Gurevich in 1992. Electrons in air have a mean free path of ~1 cm. Fast electrons which move at a large fraction of the speed of light have a mean free path up to 100 times longer. Given the long free paths, an electric field can accelerate these electrons to energies far higher than that of initially static electrons. If they strike air molecules, more relativistic electrons will be released, creating an avalanche multiplication of "runaway" electrons. This process, relativistic runaway electron avalanche, has been hypothesized to lead to electrical breakdown in thunderstorms, but only when a source of high-energy electrons from a cosmic ray is present to start the "runaway" process. (en)
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| - Der Runaway-Breakdown, im Deutschen auch Runaway-Entladung genannt, ist ein physikalischer Effekt der elektrischen Entladung, der wahrscheinlich bei der Blitzentstehung eine Rolle spielt. Dabei sinkt der Widerstand, den in Luft beschleunigte Elektronen durch Stöße erfahren, ab einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit, anstatt weiter zu steigen. (de)
- Runaway breakdown is a theory of lightning initiation proposed by Alex Gurevich in 1992. Electrons in air have a mean free path of ~1 cm. Fast electrons which move at a large fraction of the speed of light have a mean free path up to 100 times longer. Given the long free paths, an electric field can accelerate these electrons to energies far higher than that of initially static electrons. If they strike air molecules, more relativistic electrons will be released, creating an avalanche multiplication of "runaway" electrons. This process, relativistic runaway electron avalanche, has been hypothesized to lead to electrical breakdown in thunderstorms, but only when a source of high-energy electrons from a cosmic ray is present to start the "runaway" process. The resulting conductive plasma trail, many tens of meters long, is suggested to supply the "seed" which triggers a lightning flash. (en)
- Пробой на убегающих электронах — электрический пробой, в теории дающий начало молнии. Это явление было впервые рассмотрено в 1992 году российским физиком Александром Гуревичем. (ru)
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