Robert Johnstone Vance (March 15, 1854 – June 15, 1902) was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut. Born in New York City, Vance attended the common schools. He moved to New Britain, Connecticut, in 1870. He attended the high school. City clerk of New Britain from 1878 until his resignation in 1887, having been elected a Representative. He became editor and publisher of the New Britain Herald in 1881. He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1886.