Red Storm is a supercomputer architecture designed for the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. Cray, Inc developed it based on the contracted architectural specifications provided by Sandia National Laboratories. The architecture was later commercially produced as theCray XT3. Top500 performance ranking for Red Storm after each upgrade:
* November 2005: Rank 6 (36.19 TFLOPS)
* November 2006: Rank 2 (101.4 TFLOPS)
* November 2008: Rank 9 (204.2 TFLOPS) Red Storm was decommissioned in 2012.
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| - Red Storm (de)
- Red Storm (it)
- Red Storm (computing) (en)
- ASC Red Storm (ru)
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| - Red Storm ist ein ab 2004 von Cray Inc. als Nachfolger von ASCI Red für die Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque (New Mexico) gebauter Supercomputer. Er ist das erste Modell mit der -Architektur für Hochleistungsrechner und wird für Simulationsaufgaben, unter anderem im Rahmen des amerikanischen Advanced Simulation and Computing Program eingesetzt. Leitender Entwickler war William Camp. (de)
- ASC Red Storm — суперкомпьютер с массово-параллельной архитектурой и разделённой памятью (DM-MIMD), созданный в 2005 году по программе Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative — программе Правительства США по развитию суперкомпьютерных технологий, призванных следить за состоянием ядерного арсенала США после объявления в октябре 1992 года моратория на проведение ядерных испытаний. Суперкомпьютер был создан компанией Cray и установлен в Сандийской Национальной лаборатории. На основе разработок для ASC Red Storm компания Cray выпустила коммерческую суперкомпьютерную платформу под названием . Списан в 2012 году. (ru)
- Red Storm is a supercomputer architecture designed for the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. Cray, Inc developed it based on the contracted architectural specifications provided by Sandia National Laboratories. The architecture was later commercially produced as theCray XT3. Top500 performance ranking for Red Storm after each upgrade:
* November 2005: Rank 6 (36.19 TFLOPS)
* November 2006: Rank 2 (101.4 TFLOPS)
* November 2008: Rank 9 (204.2 TFLOPS) Red Storm was decommissioned in 2012. (en)
- Red Storm è un'architettura per supercomputer sviluppata dalla Cray per l'Advanced Simulation and Computing Program dell'United States Department of Energy e del National Nuclear Security Administration su specifiche dei Sandia National Laboratories. L'architettura venne venduta da Cray come Cray XT3.Red Storm era un supercomputer a parallelismo massivo a memoria condivisa basato su una rete a maglia tridimensionale. I processori utilizzati erano dei processori commerciali AMD Opteron e il sottosistema di memoria utilizzava delle memorie commerciali DIMM. La rete di connessione chiamata SeaStar era l'unico componente non standard ed era basato su un ASIC custom che utilizzava un processore PowerPC 440 come unità di calcolo. (it)
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| - Red Storm ist ein ab 2004 von Cray Inc. als Nachfolger von ASCI Red für die Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque (New Mexico) gebauter Supercomputer. Er ist das erste Modell mit der -Architektur für Hochleistungsrechner und wird für Simulationsaufgaben, unter anderem im Rahmen des amerikanischen Advanced Simulation and Computing Program eingesetzt. Leitender Entwickler war William Camp. (de)
- Red Storm is a supercomputer architecture designed for the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. Cray, Inc developed it based on the contracted architectural specifications provided by Sandia National Laboratories. The architecture was later commercially produced as theCray XT3. Red Storm is a partitioned, space shared, tightly coupled, massively parallel processing machine with a high performance 3D mesh network. The processors are commodity AMD Opteron CPUs with off-the-shelf memory DIMMs. The NIC/router combination, called SeaStar, is the only custom ASIC component in the system and uses a PowerPC 440 based core. When deployed in 2005, Red Storm’s initial configuration consisted of 10,880 single-core 2.0 GHz Opterons, of which 10,368 were dedicated for scientific calculations. The remaining 512 Opterons were used to service the computations and also provide the user interface to the system and run a version of Linux. This initial installation consisted of 140 cabinets, taking up 280 square metres (3,000 sq ft) of floor space. The Red Storm supercomputer was designed to be highly scalable from a single cabinet to hundreds of cabinets and has been scaled-up twice. In 2006 the system was upgraded to 2.4 GHz Dual-Core Opterons. An additional fifth row of computer cabinets were also brought online resulting in over 26,000 processor cores. This resulted in a peak performance of 124.4 teraflops, or 101.4 running the Linpack benchmark.A second major upgrade in 2008 introduced Cray XT4 technology: Quad-core Opteron processors and an increase in memory to 2 GB per core. This resulted in a peak theoretical performance of 284 teraflops. Top500 performance ranking for Red Storm after each upgrade:
* November 2005: Rank 6 (36.19 TFLOPS)
* November 2006: Rank 2 (101.4 TFLOPS)
* November 2008: Rank 9 (204.2 TFLOPS) Red Storm is intended for capability computing. That is, a single application can be run on the entire system. This is in contrast to cluster-style capacity computing, in which portions of a cluster are assigned to run different applications. The performance of the memory subsystem, the processor, and the network must be in proper balance to achieve adequate application progress across the entire machine. System software plays a key role as well. The Portals network programming API is used to ensure inter-processor communication can scale as large as the entire system, and has been used on many different supercomputers, including the and Paragon. The compute processors use a custom lightweight kernel operating system named Catamount, which is based on the operating system of ASCI Red called "Cougar". A userspace implementation of the Lustre file system, named liblustre, was ported to the Catamount environment using the libsysio library to provide POSIX-like semantics. This filesystem client ran in the single-threaded Catamount environment without interrupts, and only serviced IO requests when explicitly allowed by the application, to reduce jitter introduced by background file system operations. Red Storm was decommissioned in 2012. (en)
- Red Storm è un'architettura per supercomputer sviluppata dalla Cray per l'Advanced Simulation and Computing Program dell'United States Department of Energy e del National Nuclear Security Administration su specifiche dei Sandia National Laboratories. L'architettura venne venduta da Cray come Cray XT3.Red Storm era un supercomputer a parallelismo massivo a memoria condivisa basato su una rete a maglia tridimensionale. I processori utilizzati erano dei processori commerciali AMD Opteron e il sottosistema di memoria utilizzava delle memorie commerciali DIMM. La rete di connessione chiamata SeaStar era l'unico componente non standard ed era basato su un ASIC custom che utilizzava un processore PowerPC 440 come unità di calcolo. Il sistema venne attivato nel 2005 e la configurazione iniziale era formata da 10 880 processori single core a 2.0 GHz, 10 368 erano dedicati alle elaborazioni numeriche mentre i rimanenti 512 processori erano dedicati a operazioni di servizio e di interfacciamento con l'esterno ed eseguivano una versione modificata del sistema operativo Linux. La configurazione iniziale era stipata in 140 armadi e occupava 280 metri quadrati. Il sistema Red Storm era sviluppato per essere molto scalabile, il sistema poteva partire da un singolo armadio e poteva crescere fino a centinaia di armadi. Nel 2006 il sistema venne potenziato con processori Opteron dual-core a 2.4 GHz. Un ulteriore gruppo di armadi furono aggiunti al sistema portando la macchina ad avere 26 000 core. Il sistema risultante sviluppava 124.4 TeraFLOPS teorici di picco e secondo il benchmark LINPACK sviluppava 101.4 TeraFLOPS.Un secondo aggiornamento nel 2008 utilizzò la tecnologia Cray XT4. Vennero utilizzati Opteron quad-core e la memoria venne portata a 2 GB per core. Le prestazioni teoriche crebbero fino a 284 TeraFLOPS. Secondo la classifica TOP500 le prestazioni del sistema furono:
* Novembre 2005: 6ª posizione (36.19 TFLOPS)
* Novembre 2006: 2ª posizione (101.4 TFLOPS)
* Novembre 2008: 9ª posizione (204.2 TFLOPS) Il sistema era sviluppato per eseguire in singoli programmi che richiedessero un'elevata potenza di calcolo. Questo in contrasto con i sistemi a cluster che normalmente suddividono il sistema in sottosistemi che seguono programmi diversi. Al fine di ottenere un supercomputer in grado di eseguire in modo efficiente un singolo programma il sottosistema di memoria, la rete e le unità di calcolo furono bilanciate in modo da ottenere un sistema equilibrato. In un sistema di questo genere per garantire una comunicazione efficace tra i nodi si decise di utilizzare una comunicazione interprocesso. Questa tecnica era già stata utilizzata da sistemi come l' e l'Intel Paragon. I processori dedicati alle elaborazioni utilizzavano un kernel leggero chiamato Catamount che si basava sul sistema operativo utilizzato dal sistema operativo Cougar utilizzato dall'ASCI Red. (it)
- ASC Red Storm — суперкомпьютер с массово-параллельной архитектурой и разделённой памятью (DM-MIMD), созданный в 2005 году по программе Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative — программе Правительства США по развитию суперкомпьютерных технологий, призванных следить за состоянием ядерного арсенала США после объявления в октябре 1992 года моратория на проведение ядерных испытаний. Суперкомпьютер был создан компанией Cray и установлен в Сандийской Национальной лаборатории. На основе разработок для ASC Red Storm компания Cray выпустила коммерческую суперкомпьютерную платформу под названием . Списан в 2012 году. (ru)
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