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Racial quotas in employment and education are numerical requirements for hiring, promoting, admitting and/or graduating members of a particular racial group. Racial quotas are often established as means of diminishing racial discrimination, addressing under-representation and evident racism against those racial groups or, the opposite, against the disadvantaged majority group (see numerus clausus or bhumiputra systems). Conversely, quotas have also been used historically to promote discrimination against minority groups by limiting access to influential institutions in employment and education.

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  • كوتا عرقية (ar)
  • Quota ethnique (fr)
  • Racial quota (en)
  • Расовая квота (ru)
  • Quotas raciais no Brasil (pt)
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  • الكوتا العرقية في التوظيف والتعليم هي متطلبات عددية للتوظيف، الترقية، الاعتراف أو تخرج أفراد من جماعة عرقية معينة. تستخدم الكوتا العرقية كوسيلة لتقليص التمييز العنصري، ومعالجة التمثيل القليل لهم، والعنصرية الواضحة ضد تلك الجماعات العرقية، أو على النقيض من ذلك في حالة جماعة أغلبية مُنتَقصة الحقوق. جادل البعض بأن مثل هذه الكوتا نوع من التمييز العنصري. قد تنفذ هذه الكوتا عن طريق سلطة الحكومة وتدعم بالعقوبات الحكومية. وعندما يتم إصلاح إجمالي عدد الوظائف أو الشواغر، فقد تتم ترجمة تلك النسبة إلى رقم محدد. (ar)
  • Dans le domaine social et politique, le quota ethnique désigne une pratique visant : * soit à limiter le pourcentage de personnes issues de certaines minorités dans certaines activités (études, fonction publique, armée, professions libérales...) comme ce fut le cas au détriment des « non-blancs-protestants » dans plusieurs des États-Unis avant 1964, ce qui renvoie aux notions de numerus clausus, de « discrimination négative » et de ségrégation ; * soit au contraire à assurer un pourcentage minimum de personnes de certaines minorités à l'embauche, dans les castings d'acteurs ou à la télévision, afin de lutter contre le racisme, ce qui renvoie aux notions de « discrimination positive » ou de multiculturalisme. (fr)
  • No Brasil, as quotas raciais ou cotas raciais são as reservas de vagas em instituições públicas ou privadas para grupos específicos classificados por etnias, na maioria das vezes, negros e indígenas. Surgidas na Índia na década de 1930, as quotas raciais são consideradas, pelo conceito original, uma forma de ação afirmativa para reverter o racismo histórico contra determinadas castas ou etnias ou raças. Apesar das controvérsias, muitos consideram que as quotas são um sistema de inclusão social. O Supremo Tribunal Federal analisou a questão das quotas raciais em 2012 e reconheceu, por unanimidade, sua constitucionalidade. (pt)
  • Racial quotas in employment and education are numerical requirements for hiring, promoting, admitting and/or graduating members of a particular racial group. Racial quotas are often established as means of diminishing racial discrimination, addressing under-representation and evident racism against those racial groups or, the opposite, against the disadvantaged majority group (see numerus clausus or bhumiputra systems). Conversely, quotas have also been used historically to promote discrimination against minority groups by limiting access to influential institutions in employment and education. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Protesto_contra_o_sistema_de_cotas.jpg
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