The Liyuan or Pear Garden was the first known royal performing arts and musical academy in China. Founded during the Tang dynasty by Emperor Xuanzong (712–755), it is an example of an early institutional academy of performing arts and music. In Japan, the Rien refers to the Kabuki society.
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| - Birngarten (de)
- Giardino delle pere (it)
- 梨園 (ja)
- Pear Garden (en)
- 梨园 (zh)
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| - Der Birngarten (chinesisch 梨園 / 梨园, Pinyin Liyuan) war die erste Akademie für Theater, Schauspiel und Musik in China. Sie wurde während der Tang-Dynastie von Kaiser Xuanzong (712–755) gegründet. Noch heute nennen sich Schauspieler im Reich der Mitte auch „Schüler des Birngartens“. (de)
- Il Giardino delle pere (cinese: 梨园; pinyin: Líyuán) è la prima accademia conosciuta di teatro, spettacolo e musica in Cina. Fu fondata dall'imperatore Xuan Zong (712–755) durante la dinastia Tang. L'importanza della scuola fu tale che, nelle epoche successive, il nome era usato per alludere all'opera cinese in generale, e ancora oggi nel Regno di Mezzo gli attori sono detti anche "allievi del Giardino delle pere". (it)
- 梨園（りえん）とは中国・唐の宮廷音楽家養成所である。日本では転じて、一般社会の常識とかけ離れた特殊社会としての歌舞伎俳優の社会を指す。 (ja)
- 梨园是戏班的别称。历史上，梨園原本是唐朝皇帝遊樂的地方，舉行的活動包括拔河、打球等。唐玄宗自作新曲名曰“道調法曲”，曾选伶人三百人在禁院梨园中歌舞，“聲有誤者，帝必覺而正之”，《霓裳羽衣曲》在梨园亦有表演。后遂称戏班为梨园，称戏曲演员为“梨园子弟”。有时也称京剧为梨园。 一說梨园的最高長官為崖公。梨园的乐官還有梨园教坊使、梨园使、梨园判官、梨园供奉官，都是高级管理者，由宦官担任。另外都知是低级乐官，由具备音乐才能的樂人擔任，后因乐官过多，无法管理，在都知之上，又设都都知一职。安史之亂後，梨园逐渐衰落，白居易的《江南遇天宝乐叟》写道：“唯有中官作宫使，每年寒食一开门。”唐文宗时梨园又设仙韶院，大和九年，太常少卿冯定奉命对法曲进行改造。 梨园的音乐作品有些传播到民间。梨園對後來的元雜劇、明清章回小說產生了很多的影響，因為唐玄宗常常上臺扮演丑角，所以在梨園中，通常以丑角為班主／領導，而玄宗亦被稱為梨園鼻祖。現時，也有很多戲曲藝術工作者稱自己為梨園子弟。 (zh)
- The Liyuan or Pear Garden was the first known royal performing arts and musical academy in China. Founded during the Tang dynasty by Emperor Xuanzong (712–755), it is an example of an early institutional academy of performing arts and music. In Japan, the Rien refers to the Kabuki society. (en)
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| - Der Birngarten (chinesisch 梨園 / 梨园, Pinyin Liyuan) war die erste Akademie für Theater, Schauspiel und Musik in China. Sie wurde während der Tang-Dynastie von Kaiser Xuanzong (712–755) gegründet. Noch heute nennen sich Schauspieler im Reich der Mitte auch „Schüler des Birngartens“. (de)
- The Liyuan or Pear Garden was the first known royal performing arts and musical academy in China. Founded during the Tang dynasty by Emperor Xuanzong (712–755), it is an example of an early institutional academy of performing arts and music. The Tang dynasty (618–907) is sometimes known as "The Age of 1000 Entertainments". Emperor Xuanzong (also known as Ming Huang) established schools in the palace city Chang'an (now Xi'an) for performances in music, dancing, and acting. Three hundred musicians and performers were trained annually under the supervision of the emperor, who sometimes joined in the training as well as the performances. The Liyuan/Pear Garden, so named after the pear trees planted inside, was an acting school established to produce a form of drama that was primarily musical, although this suffered from the vicissitudes of the An Lushan Rebellion. Performers were commonly called "Liyuan Disciples/Children of the Pear Garden", and in later dynasties the phrase "Liyuan/Pear Garden" has been used to refer to the world of Chinese opera in general. In Japan, the Rien refers to the Kabuki society. (en)
- Il Giardino delle pere (cinese: 梨园; pinyin: Líyuán) è la prima accademia conosciuta di teatro, spettacolo e musica in Cina. Fu fondata dall'imperatore Xuan Zong (712–755) durante la dinastia Tang. L'importanza della scuola fu tale che, nelle epoche successive, il nome era usato per alludere all'opera cinese in generale, e ancora oggi nel Regno di Mezzo gli attori sono detti anche "allievi del Giardino delle pere". (it)
- 梨園（りえん）とは中国・唐の宮廷音楽家養成所である。日本では転じて、一般社会の常識とかけ離れた特殊社会としての歌舞伎俳優の社会を指す。 (ja)
- 梨园是戏班的别称。历史上，梨園原本是唐朝皇帝遊樂的地方，舉行的活動包括拔河、打球等。唐玄宗自作新曲名曰“道調法曲”，曾选伶人三百人在禁院梨园中歌舞，“聲有誤者，帝必覺而正之”，《霓裳羽衣曲》在梨园亦有表演。后遂称戏班为梨园，称戏曲演员为“梨园子弟”。有时也称京剧为梨园。 一說梨园的最高長官為崖公。梨园的乐官還有梨园教坊使、梨园使、梨园判官、梨园供奉官，都是高级管理者，由宦官担任。另外都知是低级乐官，由具备音乐才能的樂人擔任，后因乐官过多，无法管理，在都知之上，又设都都知一职。安史之亂後，梨园逐渐衰落，白居易的《江南遇天宝乐叟》写道：“唯有中官作宫使，每年寒食一开门。”唐文宗时梨园又设仙韶院，大和九年，太常少卿冯定奉命对法曲进行改造。 梨园的音乐作品有些传播到民间。梨園對後來的元雜劇、明清章回小說產生了很多的影響，因為唐玄宗常常上臺扮演丑角，所以在梨園中，通常以丑角為班主／領導，而玄宗亦被稱為梨園鼻祖。現時，也有很多戲曲藝術工作者稱自己為梨園子弟。 (zh)
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