The Panchayat raj (panchayat "village council", raj "rule") is a political system, originating from the Indian subcontinent, found mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It is the oldest system of local government in the Indian subcontinent, and historical mentions date to the 250 CE period. The word raj means "rule" and panchayat means "assembly" (ayat) of five (panch). Traditionally, Panchayats consisted of wise and respected elders chosen and accepted by the local community. These assemblies settled disputes between both individuals and villages. However, there were varying forms of such assemblies.
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| - Panchayati raj (en)
- Panchayati raj (it)
- 판차야트 (ko)
- Панчаят (ru)
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| - 판차야트(힌디어: पंचायत) 또는 판차야티 라지(힌디어: पंचायती राज), 사미티(힌디어: समिति)는 베다 시대 초기 북인도 지역에서 유래한 인도 고유의 지방 의회 제도이다. 과거의 판차야트는 공동체에서 존경받는 장로들로 구성된 장로 회의 기구로서의 기능을 하였으며, 오늘날 판차야트는 공동체 중에서도 지역 공동체에 한정된 장로 회의 기구로서 개인과 공동체 간의 분쟁을 해결하는 역할을 하고 있다. (ko)
- The Panchayat raj (panchayat "village council", raj "rule") is a political system, originating from the Indian subcontinent, found mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It is the oldest system of local government in the Indian subcontinent, and historical mentions date to the 250 CE period. The word raj means "rule" and panchayat means "assembly" (ayat) of five (panch). Traditionally, Panchayats consisted of wise and respected elders chosen and accepted by the local community. These assemblies settled disputes between both individuals and villages. However, there were varying forms of such assemblies. (en)
- Il Panchayat raj è un sistema politico dell'Asia meridionale tipico di India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Trinidad e Tobago, e Nepal. È il più antico sistema di governo locale dell'Asia meridionale, vi sono riferimenti storici che ne datano la presenza al 250 D.C. La parola raj significa "governo" e panchayat significa "assemblea" (ayat) dei 5 (panch). Traditionalmente i panchayat erano una serie di saggi e rispettati anziani scelti ed accettati dalla comunità locale. Sebbene ci fossero forme diverse di queste assemblee.Tradizionalmente venivano indette per risolvere dispute tra individui e tra i villaggi. (it)
- Панчаят радж — это политическая система в Южной Азии, типичная для Индии, Пакистана, Бангладеш, Шри-Ланки, Тринидада и Тобаго и Непала. Это старейшая система местного самоуправления в Южной Азии, есть исторические упоминания, которые датируют её существованием 250 годом нашей эры. Слово «радж» означает «правительство», а «панчаят» означает «собрание» (аят) пяти (панч). Традиционно панчаяты представляли собой группу мудрых и уважаемых старейшин, выбранных и принятых местным сообществом. Были разные формы этих собраний. Традиционно они проводились для разрешения споров между отдельными людьми и между поселениями. (ru)
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| - The Panchayat raj (panchayat "village council", raj "rule") is a political system, originating from the Indian subcontinent, found mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It is the oldest system of local government in the Indian subcontinent, and historical mentions date to the 250 CE period. The word raj means "rule" and panchayat means "assembly" (ayat) of five (panch). Traditionally, Panchayats consisted of wise and respected elders chosen and accepted by the local community. These assemblies settled disputes between both individuals and villages. However, there were varying forms of such assemblies. The leader of the Panchayat was often called the president mukhiya, sarpanch, or pradhan, an elected or generally acknowledged position. The modern Panchayati Raj of India and its gram panchayats are neither to be confused with the traditional system nor with the extra-constitutional khap panchayats (or caste panchayats) found in parts of northern India. Mahatma Gandhi advocated panchayat raj as the foundation of India's political system. It would have been a decentralised form of government, where each village would be responsible for its own affairs. The term for such a vision was Gram Swaraj ("village self-governance"). Instead, India developed a highly centralised system of government. However, this has been moderated by the delegation of several administrative functions to the local level, empowering elected gram panchayats. There are significant differences between the traditional Panchayati Raj system, the system envisioned by Gandhi, and the system formalised in India in 1992. (en)
- 판차야트(힌디어: पंचायत) 또는 판차야티 라지(힌디어: पंचायती राज), 사미티(힌디어: समिति)는 베다 시대 초기 북인도 지역에서 유래한 인도 고유의 지방 의회 제도이다. 과거의 판차야트는 공동체에서 존경받는 장로들로 구성된 장로 회의 기구로서의 기능을 하였으며, 오늘날 판차야트는 공동체 중에서도 지역 공동체에 한정된 장로 회의 기구로서 개인과 공동체 간의 분쟁을 해결하는 역할을 하고 있다. (ko)
- Il Panchayat raj è un sistema politico dell'Asia meridionale tipico di India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Trinidad e Tobago, e Nepal. È il più antico sistema di governo locale dell'Asia meridionale, vi sono riferimenti storici che ne datano la presenza al 250 D.C. La parola raj significa "governo" e panchayat significa "assemblea" (ayat) dei 5 (panch). Traditionalmente i panchayat erano una serie di saggi e rispettati anziani scelti ed accettati dalla comunità locale. Sebbene ci fossero forme diverse di queste assemblee.Tradizionalmente venivano indette per risolvere dispute tra individui e tra i villaggi. Il capo del panchayat era spesso chiamato o , che era una posizione elettiva o generalmente riconosciuta. Il moderno e i suoi non devono essere confusi né con il sistema tradizionale né panchayats extra-costituzionali (o caste panchayat) che si trovano in India settentrionale.. (it)
- Панчаят радж — это политическая система в Южной Азии, типичная для Индии, Пакистана, Бангладеш, Шри-Ланки, Тринидада и Тобаго и Непала. Это старейшая система местного самоуправления в Южной Азии, есть исторические упоминания, которые датируют её существованием 250 годом нашей эры. Слово «радж» означает «правительство», а «панчаят» означает «собрание» (аят) пяти (панч). Традиционно панчаяты представляли собой группу мудрых и уважаемых старейшин, выбранных и принятых местным сообществом. Были разные формы этих собраний. Традиционно они проводились для разрешения споров между отдельными людьми и между поселениями. Глава панчаята часто назывался «мукхия» или «сарпанч», что являлось выборной или общепризнанной должностью. Современный панчаят-радж Индии и грам-панчаяты не следует путать ни с традиционной системой, ни с внеконституционными кхап-панчаятами (или кастовыми панчаятами), существующими в северной Индии. (ru)
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