Pressure is force magnitude applied over an area. Overburden pressure is a geology term that denotes the pressure caused by the weight of the overlying layers of material at a specific depth under the earth's surface. Overburden pressure is also called lithostatic pressure, or vertical stress. In a stratigraphic layer that is in hydrostatic equilibrium; the overburden pressure at a depth z, assuming the magnitude of the gravity acceleration is approximately constant, is given by: Where:
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| - Lithostatischer Druck (de)
- Pressione litostatica (it)
- Overburden pressure (en)
- Lithostatische druk (nl)
- Pressão litostática (pt)
- Литостатическое давление (ru)
- 盖层压力 (zh)
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| - Als lithostatischer Druck rsp. (von alt-/neugriechisch: λίθος lithos [m.] – ‚Stein‘, ‚Gestein‘) wird in Geophysik, Geologie und Geotechnik jener Druck in der Lithosphäre (Erdkruste und Teil des Erdmantels) bezeichnet, den die darüber liegenden Gesteinsschichten durch ihr Gewicht ausüben. Dieser spezifische Druck bildet ein isotropes Spannungsfeld. (de)
- I corpi rocciosi all'interno della Terra sono sottoposti ad una pressione, chiamata pressione litostatica o pressione di carico, dovuta al peso delle rocce sovrastanti. Abitualmente questa pressione è indicata come o o nella terna degli assi dell'ellissoide delle tensioni. Ad ogni profondità, nel sottosuolo si può individuare un punto sottoposto a tensioni, scomponendo queste tensioni lungo una terna di assi tra loro perpendicolari si costruisce l'ellissoide delle tensioni, i cui assi rispettivamente coincidono con le direzione di massima tensione, di minima tensione e di tensione intermedia; in aree tettonicamente stabili, o in regime di tettonica distensiva, l'asse maggiore di questo ellissoide è orientato verticalmente e corrisponde come direzione e valore alla pressione litostatica. (it)
- Pressão litostática (em grego: λίθος lithos [m.]; "rocha", "rochoso"), por vezes designada por pressão de confinamento, é a pressão exercida pelo peso da coluna de rocha sobre os materiais geológicos subjacentes. Este conceito apresenta paralelismo com o o conceito equivalente de pressão hidrostática em hidrodinâmica. (pt)
- Pressure is force magnitude applied over an area. Overburden pressure is a geology term that denotes the pressure caused by the weight of the overlying layers of material at a specific depth under the earth's surface. Overburden pressure is also called lithostatic pressure, or vertical stress. In a stratigraphic layer that is in hydrostatic equilibrium; the overburden pressure at a depth z, assuming the magnitude of the gravity acceleration is approximately constant, is given by: Where: (en)
- De lithostatische druk is de druk die op een bepaald punt in de ondergrond heerst als gevolg van het gewicht van erboven gelegen gesteentemateriaal. De lithostatische druk zorgt voor een mechanische spanning in gesteenten. Terwijl de hydrostatische druk bij toenemende diepte elke 100 meter 1 MPa toeneemt, bedraagt de toename van de lithostatische druk grofweg het drievoudige. De precieze toename hangt af van de dichtheid van het gesteente, die in de aardkorst tussen 2,0-3,3*10³ kg/m³ ligt (sedimenten ongeveer 2,0 *10³ kg/m³, graniet en kalksteen 2,7*10³ kg/m³ en gabbro 3,3*10³ kg/m³). (nl)
- Литостатическое давление, также геостатическое давление (англ. lithostatic pressure, overburden pressure) — давление всестороннее, определяемое весом столба вышележащих горных пород, обусловленное гравитационным полем Земли и численно равное весу вышележащих масс горных пород. Один из ключевых факторов метаморфизма горных пород наряду с температурой и флюидами. (ru)
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| - Als lithostatischer Druck rsp. (von alt-/neugriechisch: λίθος lithos [m.] – ‚Stein‘, ‚Gestein‘) wird in Geophysik, Geologie und Geotechnik jener Druck in der Lithosphäre (Erdkruste und Teil des Erdmantels) bezeichnet, den die darüber liegenden Gesteinsschichten durch ihr Gewicht ausüben. Dieser spezifische Druck bildet ein isotropes Spannungsfeld. (de)
- Pressure is force magnitude applied over an area. Overburden pressure is a geology term that denotes the pressure caused by the weight of the overlying layers of material at a specific depth under the earth's surface. Overburden pressure is also called lithostatic pressure, or vertical stress. In a stratigraphic layer that is in hydrostatic equilibrium; the overburden pressure at a depth z, assuming the magnitude of the gravity acceleration is approximately constant, is given by: Where:
* is the depth in meters.
* is the overburden pressure at depth .
* is the pressure at the surface.
* is the density of the material above the depth .
* is the gravity acceleration in . In deep-earth geophysics/geodynamics, gravitational acceleration varies significantly over depth and should not be assumed to be constant, and should be inside the integral. Some sections of stratigraphic layers can be sealed or isolated. These changes create areas where there is not static equilibrium. A location in the layer is said to be in under pressure when the local pressure is less than the hydrostatic pressure, and in overpressure when the local pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure. (en)
- I corpi rocciosi all'interno della Terra sono sottoposti ad una pressione, chiamata pressione litostatica o pressione di carico, dovuta al peso delle rocce sovrastanti. Abitualmente questa pressione è indicata come o o nella terna degli assi dell'ellissoide delle tensioni. Ad ogni profondità, nel sottosuolo si può individuare un punto sottoposto a tensioni, scomponendo queste tensioni lungo una terna di assi tra loro perpendicolari si costruisce l'ellissoide delle tensioni, i cui assi rispettivamente coincidono con le direzione di massima tensione, di minima tensione e di tensione intermedia; in aree tettonicamente stabili, o in regime di tettonica distensiva, l'asse maggiore di questo ellissoide è orientato verticalmente e corrisponde come direzione e valore alla pressione litostatica. (it)
- De lithostatische druk is de druk die op een bepaald punt in de ondergrond heerst als gevolg van het gewicht van erboven gelegen gesteentemateriaal. De lithostatische druk zorgt voor een mechanische spanning in gesteenten. Terwijl de hydrostatische druk bij toenemende diepte elke 100 meter 1 MPa toeneemt, bedraagt de toename van de lithostatische druk grofweg het drievoudige. De precieze toename hangt af van de dichtheid van het gesteente, die in de aardkorst tussen 2,0-3,3*10³ kg/m³ ligt (sedimenten ongeveer 2,0 *10³ kg/m³, graniet en kalksteen 2,7*10³ kg/m³ en gabbro 3,3*10³ kg/m³). In de bovenmantel zijn gesteenten echter veel compacter (duniet is bijvoorbeeld 3,3 tot 4,0*10³ kg/m³, onder zeer hoge druk kan dat oplopen tot 5,0*10³ kg/m³). De berekening van de lithostatische druk is vanwege de variatie in dichtheid soms erg complex. Men kan als vuistregel echter stellen dat in de aardkorst de druk elke kilometer met 30 MPa toeneemt. In de aardmantel neemt de lithostatische druk ongeveer 35 MPa per kilometer diepte toe. (nl)
- Pressão litostática (em grego: λίθος lithos [m.]; "rocha", "rochoso"), por vezes designada por pressão de confinamento, é a pressão exercida pelo peso da coluna de rocha sobre os materiais geológicos subjacentes. Este conceito apresenta paralelismo com o o conceito equivalente de pressão hidrostática em hidrodinâmica. (pt)
- Литостатическое давление, также геостатическое давление (англ. lithostatic pressure, overburden pressure) — давление всестороннее, определяемое весом столба вышележащих горных пород, обусловленное гравитационным полем Земли и численно равное весу вышележащих масс горных пород. Один из ключевых факторов метаморфизма горных пород наряду с температурой и флюидами. Всестороннее литостатическое давление на глубине 10 км может превышать 200 МПа, а на глубине 30 км — 600—700 МПа. Если геотермический градиент достигает 25 град/км, горные породы могут начать плавление на глубине около 20 км. При высоких давлениях породы становятся пластичными. Помимо литостатического, существует одностороннее стрессовое давление, проявляющееся в верхней части земной коры складчатых зон. Оно вызывает механические деформации горных пород, их дробление, рассланцевание, увеличение растворимости минералов в направлении давления. В возникающие при этом трещины проникают флюиды, вызывающие перекристаллизацию пород. (ru)
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