Operation Desert (German: Unternehmen Wüste) was a German synthetic fuel project during World War II. It attempted to build a shale oil industrial production complex for utilization of Swabian Alb oil shale deposits (Posidonia Shale). After the war French occupation forces tried continue the shale oil production operations but due to unprofitability it was halted in 1948.
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| - Unternehmen Wüste (de)
- Επιχείρηση Έρημος (el)
- Operation Desert (German fuel project) (en)
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| - Η Επιχείρηση Έρημος (αγγλικά: Operation Desert, (Γερμανικά: Unternehmen Wüste) ήταν η κωδική ονομασία ενός έργου παραγωγής συνθετικών καυσίμων κατά τη διάρκεια του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου το οποίο προσπάθησε να οικοδομήσει ένα συγκρότημα βιομηχανικής παραγωγής για τη χρήση των προιοντων σχιστόλιθου πετρελαίου από τις (Posidonia Shale). Το έργο καθοδηγείται από τις ανάγκες καυσίμων του γερμανικού στρατού στην τελευταία φάση του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου λόγω της μείωσης των συμβατικών προμηθειών πετρελαίου. (el)
- Unternehmen „Wüste“ war der Deckname für ein Projekt des NS-Regimes, um im Rahmen des Geilenberg-Programms Treibstoff aus Ölschiefer zu gewinnen. (de)
- Operation Desert (German: Unternehmen Wüste) was a German synthetic fuel project during World War II. It attempted to build a shale oil industrial production complex for utilization of Swabian Alb oil shale deposits (Posidonia Shale). After the war French occupation forces tried continue the shale oil production operations but due to unprofitability it was halted in 1948. (en)
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| - Η Επιχείρηση Έρημος (αγγλικά: Operation Desert, (Γερμανικά: Unternehmen Wüste) ήταν η κωδική ονομασία ενός έργου παραγωγής συνθετικών καυσίμων κατά τη διάρκεια του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου το οποίο προσπάθησε να οικοδομήσει ένα συγκρότημα βιομηχανικής παραγωγής για τη χρήση των προιοντων σχιστόλιθου πετρελαίου από τις (Posidonia Shale). Το έργο καθοδηγείται από τις ανάγκες καυσίμων του γερμανικού στρατού στην τελευταία φάση του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου λόγω της μείωσης των συμβατικών προμηθειών πετρελαίου. (el)
- Unternehmen „Wüste“ war der Deckname für ein Projekt des NS-Regimes, um im Rahmen des Geilenberg-Programms Treibstoff aus Ölschiefer zu gewinnen. (de)
- Operation Desert (German: Unternehmen Wüste) was a German synthetic fuel project during World War II. It attempted to build a shale oil industrial production complex for utilization of Swabian Alb oil shale deposits (Posidonia Shale). The project was driven by the fuel needs of the German army at the last phase of World War II due to decreasing conventional petroleum supplies. Three companies conducted pilot tests. LIAS-Ölschiefer-Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, established in September 1942, started tests in Frommern. Kohle-Öl-Union von Busse KG, established on 30 July 1943 in Berlin, tested in-situ retorting on the outskirts of Schörzingen. Deutsche Ölschiefer-Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, established on 20 September 1943 in Schömberg, became later the core of the Operation Desert. Schutzstaffel (SS) and Hermann Göring personally became involved in the project in late 1943. On 2 May 1944, SS established oil shale company Deutsche Schieferöl GmbH for its own shale oil plant near Erzingen. Also IG Farben became involved in shale oil. In July 1944, Operation Desert became a part of the Geilenberg Programme. For the Operation Desert construction of ten shale oil extraction plants in Württemberg and Hohenzollern were ordered by Edmund Geilenberg. Prisoners from seven nearby subcamps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, established by the route of Tübingen - Aulendorf and Nebenstrecke Balingen- Rottweil railway lines, were used as a workforce. The main contractor for building these plants was Deutsche Bergwerks- und Hüttenbau GmbH, a subsidiary of Reichswerke Hermann Göring. About 5,000 prisoners were used for construction works and more than 10,000 prisoners had been exploited for the oil-shale works. When the Soviet troops advance into Estonia in 1944, about 200 oil shale specialists from Estonia, employees of Baltische Öl GmbH , an affiliate of IG Farben, were evacuated to Schömberg. However, out of ten planned plants only four became operational. The technology was primitive carbonization and oil yield was low. Mined oil shale was heaped into mounds which were ignited after covering by peat. Distilled shale oil and oil shale gas were collected through 300-millimetre (12 in) perforated pipes. Oil was separated from gas by electric filters. Until the end of the war, only 1,500 tonnes of shale oil was produced. After the war French occupation forces tried continue the shale oil production operations but due to unprofitability it was halted in 1948. (en)
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