The No. 1 Senior High School of Ürümqi (simplified Chinese: 乌鲁木齐市第一中学; traditional Chinese: 烏魯木齊市第一中學; pinyin: Wūlǔmùqí Shì Dìyīzhōngxué, Uighur: ئۈرۈمچى شەھەرلىك 1-ئوتتۇرا مەكتەپ, Үрүмчи Шеһерлик Биринчи Оттура Мектеп, romanized: Ürümchi Sheherlik Birinchi Ottura Mektep), literally Ürümqi No. 1 High School, colloquially abbreviated as "乌鲁木齐一中" or "乌市一中", sometimes called No. 1 Middle School of Urumqi, is a public high school in Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, under the jurisdiction of the Urumqi Municipal Education Bureau. Founded in 1891 during the Qing dynasty, it is the oldest school in Xinjiang.