A nematocyst is a subcellular structure or organelle containing extrusive filaments found in two families of athecate dinoflagellates (a group of unicellular eukaryotes), the Warnowiaceae and Polykrikaceae. It is distinct from the similar subcellular structures found in the cnidocyte cells of cnidarians, a group of multicellular organisms including jellyfish and corals; such structures are also often called nematocysts (alternatively, cnidocysts or cnidae), and cnidocytes are sometimes referred to as nematocytes. It is unclear whether the relationship between dinoflagellate and cnidarian nematocysts is a case of convergent evolution or common descent, although molecular evidence has been interpreted as supporting an endosymbiotic origin for cnidarian nematocysts.
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| - Nématocyste (dinoflagellée) (fr)
- Nematocyst (dinoflagellate) (en)
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| - A nematocyst is a subcellular structure or organelle containing extrusive filaments found in two families of athecate dinoflagellates (a group of unicellular eukaryotes), the Warnowiaceae and Polykrikaceae. It is distinct from the similar subcellular structures found in the cnidocyte cells of cnidarians, a group of multicellular organisms including jellyfish and corals; such structures are also often called nematocysts (alternatively, cnidocysts or cnidae), and cnidocytes are sometimes referred to as nematocytes. It is unclear whether the relationship between dinoflagellate and cnidarian nematocysts is a case of convergent evolution or common descent, although molecular evidence has been interpreted as supporting an endosymbiotic origin for cnidarian nematocysts. (en)
- Un nématocyste est une structure subcellulaire ou un organite contenant des filaments extrusifs que l'on trouve dans deux familles de dinoflagellés (groupe d'eucaryotes unicellulaires), les (en) et les (en). Il ne doit pas être confondu avec les structures subcellulaires similaires trouvées dans les cellules cnidocytes des cnidaires — un groupe d'organismes multicellulaires comprenant les méduses et les coraux —, qui sont également appelées nématocystes (alternativement, cnidocystes ou cnidae). (fr)
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| - A light micrograph of a small area of a cell containing oblong-shaped un-extruded nematocysts. (en)
- A light micrograph of a bullet-shaped cell with a large spiral filament . (en)
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| - An extruded nematocyst from Polykrikos kofoidii. Scale bar = 10µm. (en)
- Nematocysts in Proterythropsis sp., from the warnowiid family. Scale bar = 5µm. (en)
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| - Bmc evol bio hoppenrath Proterythropsis nematocysts fig1f.png (en)
- Bmc evol bio hoppenrath Polykrikos kofoidii extruded nematocyst fig1l.png (en)
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| - A nematocyst is a subcellular structure or organelle containing extrusive filaments found in two families of athecate dinoflagellates (a group of unicellular eukaryotes), the Warnowiaceae and Polykrikaceae. It is distinct from the similar subcellular structures found in the cnidocyte cells of cnidarians, a group of multicellular organisms including jellyfish and corals; such structures are also often called nematocysts (alternatively, cnidocysts or cnidae), and cnidocytes are sometimes referred to as nematocytes. It is unclear whether the relationship between dinoflagellate and cnidarian nematocysts is a case of convergent evolution or common descent, although molecular evidence has been interpreted as supporting an endosymbiotic origin for cnidarian nematocysts. In polykrikoids the nematocyst is found associated with another extrusive organelle called the , a complex that has been described as synapomorphic for the genus Polykrikos. The full range of functional roles of the nematocyst is not well understood, but it has been observed to be involved in prey capture and feeding. (en)
- Un nématocyste est une structure subcellulaire ou un organite contenant des filaments extrusifs que l'on trouve dans deux familles de dinoflagellés (groupe d'eucaryotes unicellulaires), les (en) et les (en). Il ne doit pas être confondu avec les structures subcellulaires similaires trouvées dans les cellules cnidocytes des cnidaires — un groupe d'organismes multicellulaires comprenant les méduses et les coraux —, qui sont également appelées nématocystes (alternativement, cnidocystes ou cnidae). Les biologistes ne savent pas si la ressemblance entre les nématocystes des dinoflagellés et ceux des cnidaires est un cas d'évolution convergente ou de descendance commune, bien que des preuves moléculaires aient été interprétées comme soutenant une origine endosymbiotique pour les nématocystes des cnidaires. Chez les dinoflagellés (en), le nématocyste est associé à un autre organite extrusif appelé taeniocyste, un complexe qui a été décrit comme synapomorphe pour le genre (en). L'ensemble des fonctions du nématocyste n'est pas bien comprise, mais il a été observé qu'il est impliqué dans l'alimentation, notamment lors de la capture des proies.
* Micrographie d'un nématocyste extrudé de Polykrikos kofoidii.
* Micrographie d'un Proterythropsis sp. (dinoflagellé) et ses nématocystes. (fr)
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