The neighborhood effect is an economic and social science concept that posits that neighbourhoods have either a direct or indirect effect on individual behaviors. Although the effect of the neighbourhood was already known and studied at the beginning of the 20th century and as early as the mid 19th century, it has become a popular approach after the publication of the book The Truly Disadvantaged by William Julius Wilson in 1987. Wilson's theory suggests that living in a neighbourhood seriously affected by poverty affects a wide range of individual outcomes, such as economic self-sufficiency, violence, drug use, low birthweight, and cognitive ability. Many scholars and activists consider Wilson's book, “The Truly Disadvantaged” the "bible" of scholarship on the neighborhood effect. “The Tr
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| - Effet de quartier (fr)
- Effetto vicinato (it)
- Neighbourhood effect (en)
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| - Nel gergo del marketing, l'espressione effetto vicinato o effetto neighbourhood (talvolta scritto nella forma americana neighborhood) indica la tendenza secondo la quale persone aventi uno stile di vita e abitudini di consumo simili tendono a insediarsi negli stessi quartieri o zone territoriali. Questo principio viene ad esempio applicato per lo sviluppo di procedure software che applicano tecniche di avanzate quali la . (it)
- L'effet de quartier, aussi appelé effet de voisinage, (en anglais neighbourhood effect) est un concept utilisé dans les sciences sociales qui désigne l'effet, qu'il soit direct ou indirect, positif ou négatif, du voisinage (ou plus généralement du quartier) sur les comportements individuels. (fr)
- The neighborhood effect is an economic and social science concept that posits that neighbourhoods have either a direct or indirect effect on individual behaviors. Although the effect of the neighbourhood was already known and studied at the beginning of the 20th century and as early as the mid 19th century, it has become a popular approach after the publication of the book The Truly Disadvantaged by William Julius Wilson in 1987. Wilson's theory suggests that living in a neighbourhood seriously affected by poverty affects a wide range of individual outcomes, such as economic self-sufficiency, violence, drug use, low birthweight, and cognitive ability. Many scholars and activists consider Wilson's book, “The Truly Disadvantaged” the "bible" of scholarship on the neighborhood effect. “The Tr (en)
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| - L'effet de quartier, aussi appelé effet de voisinage, (en anglais neighbourhood effect) est un concept utilisé dans les sciences sociales qui désigne l'effet, qu'il soit direct ou indirect, positif ou négatif, du voisinage (ou plus généralement du quartier) sur les comportements individuels. Phénomène connu dès le milieu du 19e siècle, il ne fait l'objet que de rares travaux jusque dans les années 1950, à l'exception des recherches de l'école de Chicago durant l'entre-deux-guerres, notamment leur étude de la ville de Chicago. Il connaît un surcroît d'intérêt durant les années 1970 puis, depuis le milieu des années 1990, il est associé à de plus en plus de recherches. Cette approche devient notamment populaire après la publication de l'ouvrage The Truly Disadvantaged de William Julius Wilson en 1987, où l'auteur soutient que vivre dans un quartier pauvre peut avoir de sérieux impacts sur les revenus, l'usage de drogues ou la violence chez un individu. (fr)
- The neighborhood effect is an economic and social science concept that posits that neighbourhoods have either a direct or indirect effect on individual behaviors. Although the effect of the neighbourhood was already known and studied at the beginning of the 20th century and as early as the mid 19th century, it has become a popular approach after the publication of the book The Truly Disadvantaged by William Julius Wilson in 1987. Wilson's theory suggests that living in a neighbourhood seriously affected by poverty affects a wide range of individual outcomes, such as economic self-sufficiency, violence, drug use, low birthweight, and cognitive ability. Many scholars and activists consider Wilson's book, “The Truly Disadvantaged” the "bible" of scholarship on the neighborhood effect. “The Truly Disadvantaged” has been a stepping stone for a great deal of research on the neighbourhood effect, particularly on education, exploring the impacts of one's neighborhoods on an individual's outcome and performance in life. Since Wilson there has been a substantial literature written on neighborhood effects and many challenges remain. In more recent years neighborhood effects have been also studied in labour market studies, political science, epidemiology, gerontology, psychology, public health, and urban design. For example, Murray and colleagues have shown that older workers living in areas with higher unemployment are less likely to be in work ten years later and retire at earlier ages. A small number of studies using data from across the life course have found that neighbourhood effects on economic outcomes such as earning tend accumulate over time. Similar evidence has been identified for health and well-being outcomes. However, it is currently unknown whether this is due to an accumulation of exposure over the life course or due to unequal selection of individuals into advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods over time. Some research has shown that the living conditions of the neighbourhood interact with individual's negative life events. The same event is more likely to trigger depression in disadvantaged neighbourhoods than in neighbourhoods with a good quality of life. This hypothesis is supported by Catherine Ross who shows that socially disordered neighborhoods are associated with depressive symptoms. Gonzalez and colleagues argue that restricted social environments, such as family, interact with a wider definition of the environment, namely the neighbourhood and the community, fostering the perception about future living conditions. Gan developed a transdisciplinary neighborhood health framework based on an integrative review of articles about neighborhood effects on health of older adults. As an example of the influence of such scholarship, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included money to assist poor inner cities with schools, police, and homelessness. (en)
- Nel gergo del marketing, l'espressione effetto vicinato o effetto neighbourhood (talvolta scritto nella forma americana neighborhood) indica la tendenza secondo la quale persone aventi uno stile di vita e abitudini di consumo simili tendono a insediarsi negli stessi quartieri o zone territoriali. Questo principio viene ad esempio applicato per lo sviluppo di procedure software che applicano tecniche di avanzate quali la . (it)
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