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National champions are corporations which are technically private businesses but due to governmental policy are ceded a dominant position in a national economy. In this system, these large organizations are expected not only to seek profit but also to "advance the interests of the nation"; the government sets policies which favor these organizations. The policy is practiced by many governments, in some sectors more than others (such as defense), but by giving an unfair advantage against market competition, the policy promotes economic nationalism domestically and global pre-eminence abroad contrary to the free market. The policy also deters or prevents venture capitalism.

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  • National champions (en)
  • Champion national (fr)
  • 기간산업체 (ko)
  • Национальные чемпионы (ru)
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  • 기간산업체(基幹産業體)는 철강∙조선∙석탄∙전력 등 국가 성장의 기반이 되는 분야의 기업을 의미한다. 대개 정부가 강력한 지원 정책을 사용하여 기업이 수익을 창출함과 동시에 국가에 도움이 되도록 뒷받침해 준다. 정부는 규제 완화, 재정적 지원, 정치적 여론 조성 등 다양한 방식으로 기업을 돕는다. 이런 면에서 자유 시장의 개념과 벤처기업 육성과는 반대 입장이라고 볼 수 있다. (ko)
  • National champions are corporations which are technically private businesses but due to governmental policy are ceded a dominant position in a national economy. In this system, these large organizations are expected not only to seek profit but also to "advance the interests of the nation"; the government sets policies which favor these organizations. The policy is practiced by many governments, in some sectors more than others (such as defense), but by giving an unfair advantage against market competition, the policy promotes economic nationalism domestically and global pre-eminence abroad contrary to the free market. The policy also deters or prevents venture capitalism. (en)
  • Un champion national est une entreprise choisie par l'État pour devenir le producteur ou prestataire dominant sur le marché national et entraver les concurrents étrangers sur ce marché. En favorisant les rapprochements et fusions entre entreprises existantes, et en accordant au champion des aides, l'État peut lui permettre d'atteindre une « taille critique » et de devenir viable par lui-même. Souvent, les intérêts de l'État priment sur ceux des autres clients de l'entreprise, et cette pratique ne réussit généralement pas à produire une entreprise performante[réf. nécessaire]. L'OCDE considère que la politique industrielle et la création de champions nationaux doivent se faire dans le respect du jeu de la concurrence. (fr)
  • Национальный чемпион — политическая концепция, согласно которой большие корпорации в стратегических секторах экономики должны не только стремиться к получению прибыли, но и отстаивать интересы нации. Данная политика была популярна и практиковалась многими странами. Наибольшего расцвета, скорее всего, достигла во Франции в период после Второй мировой войны как часть дирижизма. Она постепенно сокращалась на протяжении 1970-х. В качестве примера можно привести создание British Steel Corporation правительством Великобритании, которое приобрело 14 крупнейших сталелитейных корпораций в 1967 году. (ru)
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