In the Soviet Union of World War II, NKVD labor columns (Russian: рабочие колонны НКВД) were militarized labor formations created from certain categories of population, both fully rightful Soviet citizens, as well as categories of limited civil rights. They were primarily from the people of ethnicities associated with the countries that fought against the Soviet Union. The vast majority of them were ethnic Germans. In later literature these formations were informally referred to as "labor army", in an analogy with Soviet Labor armies of 1920–1921, although this term was not used in official Soviet documents in reference to 1941–1946.
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| - Arbeitsarmee (de)
- NKVD labor columns (en)
- Трудовые армии 1942—1946 годов (ru)
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| - Die Arbeitsarmee (russ.: Трудовая армия Trudowaja armija, kurz трудармия Trudarmija) war eine militarisierte Form der Zwangsarbeit in Sowjetrussland Anfang der 1920er Jahre (1. Periode) sowie von 1942 bis 1946 (2. Periode) in der Sowjetunion. Betroffen waren in der 2. Periode vor allem Russlanddeutsche, aber auch die finno-ugrischen Komi und andere nationale Minderheiten in der Sowjetunion wie Rumänen, Ungarn, Italiener, Krimtataren, Kalmücken, Karatschaier, Balkaren, Tschetschenen und Inguschen. (de)
- Трудовы́е а́рмии 1942—1946 годо́в — система принудительной трудовой повинности населения СССР, призываемого в организованные по военному образцу трудовые организации во время Великой Отечественной войны. По сообщению Российской Газеты, ФРГ производит единовременную выплату в размере 2500 евро всем трудармейцам СССР кто находился на принудительных работах в 1939—1956 годах из-за принадлежности к немецкой национальности. (ru)
- In the Soviet Union of World War II, NKVD labor columns (Russian: рабочие колонны НКВД) were militarized labor formations created from certain categories of population, both fully rightful Soviet citizens, as well as categories of limited civil rights. They were primarily from the people of ethnicities associated with the countries that fought against the Soviet Union. The vast majority of them were ethnic Germans. In later literature these formations were informally referred to as "labor army", in an analogy with Soviet Labor armies of 1920–1921, although this term was not used in official Soviet documents in reference to 1941–1946. (en)
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| - Die Arbeitsarmee (russ.: Трудовая армия Trudowaja armija, kurz трудармия Trudarmija) war eine militarisierte Form der Zwangsarbeit in Sowjetrussland Anfang der 1920er Jahre (1. Periode) sowie von 1942 bis 1946 (2. Periode) in der Sowjetunion. Betroffen waren in der 2. Periode vor allem Russlanddeutsche, aber auch die finno-ugrischen Komi und andere nationale Minderheiten in der Sowjetunion wie Rumänen, Ungarn, Italiener, Krimtataren, Kalmücken, Karatschaier, Balkaren, Tschetschenen und Inguschen. (de)
- In the Soviet Union of World War II, NKVD labor columns (Russian: рабочие колонны НКВД) were militarized labor formations created from certain categories of population, both fully rightful Soviet citizens, as well as categories of limited civil rights. They were primarily from the people of ethnicities associated with the countries that fought against the Soviet Union. The vast majority of them were ethnic Germans. In later literature these formations were informally referred to as "labor army", in an analogy with Soviet Labor armies of 1920–1921, although this term was not used in official Soviet documents in reference to 1941–1946. Although persons of these categories were not permitted to serve in the Soviet Army, members of the labor columns were considered to be conscripted for military duty. (en)
- Трудовы́е а́рмии 1942—1946 годо́в — система принудительной трудовой повинности населения СССР, призываемого в организованные по военному образцу трудовые организации во время Великой Отечественной войны. По сообщению Российской Газеты, ФРГ производит единовременную выплату в размере 2500 евро всем трудармейцам СССР кто находился на принудительных работах в 1939—1956 годах из-за принадлежности к немецкой национальности. (ru)
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