A muzzle blast is an explosive shockwave created at the muzzle of a firearm during shooting. Before a projectile leaves the gun barrel, it obturates the bore and "plugs up" the pressurized gaseous products of the propellant combustion behind it, essentially containing the gases within a closed system as a neutral element in the overall momentum of the system's physics. However, when the projectile exits the barrel, this functional seal is removed and the highly energetic bore gases are suddenly free to exit the muzzle and rapidly expand in the form of a supersonic shockwave (which can be often fast enough to momentarily overtake the projectile and affect its flight dynamics), thus creating the muzzle blast.
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| - Muzzle blast (en)
- 枪口爆震 (zh)
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| - 枪口爆震（英語：muzzle blast），也称枪口冲击波或炮口爆震（如果口径大于20毫米），是指枪械（特别是火器）和火炮在射击时在枪口处产生的爆炸性纵波。一般来说，枪管越短，同规格弹药产生的枪口冲击波越强，特别是在推进药没有在枪膛内充分燃烧、膛压尚未达到压强峰值的情况下，还会因为残药喷离枪管后接触外部的新鲜空气而产生二次爆燃叠加在现有的冲击波之上。 在被射出的弹体离开枪管之前，弹体会向活塞一样将膛内由推进药燃烧产生的高压气体“堵”在后方，使得气体扮演一个封闭系统内的中性角色；但在弹体离开枪口的一刹那，这个保持气密的密封件消失，整个枪管突然变成了开放系统，膛内的高温高压气体也瞬间可以自由的向周边环境超音速扩散，在枪口前方产生一个甚至可以短暂距离内追上并使得弹体加速或偏转的高强度纵波（见过渡弹道）。这个“放气”压力波中频率能够被人的听觉系统感知的部分称作枪口爆响（muzzle report），也就是俗称的枪声（gunfire）；其余的部分则是能够传导钝力的次声波。枪口爆震产生的噪音响度通常可以对周边人员造成较为严重的听觉障碍（噪音性耳聋）并且可以让很远处的人员听到并判断出枪声来源；所产生的次声冲击波则可以通过震动损坏附近较为脆弱的物体。 除了压力波以外，枪口排气的能量还可以光能的形式释放，也就是俗称的枪口焰（muzzle flash）。 (zh)
- A muzzle blast is an explosive shockwave created at the muzzle of a firearm during shooting. Before a projectile leaves the gun barrel, it obturates the bore and "plugs up" the pressurized gaseous products of the propellant combustion behind it, essentially containing the gases within a closed system as a neutral element in the overall momentum of the system's physics. However, when the projectile exits the barrel, this functional seal is removed and the highly energetic bore gases are suddenly free to exit the muzzle and rapidly expand in the form of a supersonic shockwave (which can be often fast enough to momentarily overtake the projectile and affect its flight dynamics), thus creating the muzzle blast. (en)
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| - A muzzle blast is an explosive shockwave created at the muzzle of a firearm during shooting. Before a projectile leaves the gun barrel, it obturates the bore and "plugs up" the pressurized gaseous products of the propellant combustion behind it, essentially containing the gases within a closed system as a neutral element in the overall momentum of the system's physics. However, when the projectile exits the barrel, this functional seal is removed and the highly energetic bore gases are suddenly free to exit the muzzle and rapidly expand in the form of a supersonic shockwave (which can be often fast enough to momentarily overtake the projectile and affect its flight dynamics), thus creating the muzzle blast. The muzzle blast is often broken down into two components: an auditory component and a non-auditory component. The auditory component is the loud "Bang!" sound of the gunshot, and is important because it can cause significant hearing loss to surrounding personnel and also give away the gun's position. The non-auditory component is the infrasonic compression wave, and can cause concussive damage to nearby items. In addition to the blast itself, some of the gases' energy is also released as light energy, known as a muzzle flash. (en)
- 枪口爆震（英語：muzzle blast），也称枪口冲击波或炮口爆震（如果口径大于20毫米），是指枪械（特别是火器）和火炮在射击时在枪口处产生的爆炸性纵波。一般来说，枪管越短，同规格弹药产生的枪口冲击波越强，特别是在推进药没有在枪膛内充分燃烧、膛压尚未达到压强峰值的情况下，还会因为残药喷离枪管后接触外部的新鲜空气而产生二次爆燃叠加在现有的冲击波之上。 在被射出的弹体离开枪管之前，弹体会向活塞一样将膛内由推进药燃烧产生的高压气体“堵”在后方，使得气体扮演一个封闭系统内的中性角色；但在弹体离开枪口的一刹那，这个保持气密的密封件消失，整个枪管突然变成了开放系统，膛内的高温高压气体也瞬间可以自由的向周边环境超音速扩散，在枪口前方产生一个甚至可以短暂距离内追上并使得弹体加速或偏转的高强度纵波（见过渡弹道）。这个“放气”压力波中频率能够被人的听觉系统感知的部分称作枪口爆响（muzzle report），也就是俗称的枪声（gunfire）；其余的部分则是能够传导钝力的次声波。枪口爆震产生的噪音响度通常可以对周边人员造成较为严重的听觉障碍（噪音性耳聋）并且可以让很远处的人员听到并判断出枪声来源；所产生的次声冲击波则可以通过震动损坏附近较为脆弱的物体。 除了压力波以外，枪口排气的能量还可以光能的形式释放，也就是俗称的枪口焰（muzzle flash）。 (zh)
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