About: Mixed Courts of Egypt

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The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم المختلطة, transliterated: Al-Maḥākim al-Mukhṭaliṭah, French: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha. Designed by Nubar Nubarian Pasha to be part of the Khedive's great plans for Egypt, the Mixed Courts led to a radical reform of Egypt's chaotic nineteenth century legal system, where Consular courts competed with Government tribunals and religious courts for jurisdiction. The completion of the Suez Canal (1869) and the development of the cotton trade had attracted many foreign interests and foreign nationals to Egypt.

Attributes	Values
rdf:type	yago:WikicatCourtsByCountry yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Assembly108163792 yago:Court108329453 yago:Gathering107975026 yago:Group100031264 yago:SocialGroup107950920 yago:WikicatDefunctCourts
rdfs:label	محاكم مختلطة (مصر) (ar) Gemischte Gerichtshöfe in Ägypten (de) Mixed Courts of Egypt (en) Gemengde rechtbanken van Egypte (nl)
rdfs:comment	Die Gemischten Gerichtshöfe in Ägypten waren Gerichte in Ägypten während der britischen Herrschaft und der sich daran anschließenden Zeit des Königreichs Ägypten, die vor allem der Verhandlung von zivil- und wirtschaftsrechtlichen Streitfällen zwischen Einheimischen und Ausländern sowie zwischen Ausländern verschiedener Nationalitäten dienten. Eine geplante Zuständigkeit im Bereich des Strafrechts wurde hingegen in der Praxis nicht realisiert. Die aus zwei Instanzen bestehenden Gerichtshöfe waren sowohl mit ausländischen als auch mit einheimischen Richtern besetzt. Sie hatten ihren Sitz in Alexandria, Kairo sowie al-Mansura und existierten von 1876 bis 1949. (de) De Gemengde rechtbanken van Egypte waren bijzondere rechtbanken die in Egypte werkzaam waren van 1875 tot 1949. (nl) المحاكم المختلطة في مصر (بالفرنسية: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte، وبالإنجليزية: Mixed Courts of Egypt) هي محاكم أنشئت في مصر في القرن التاسع عشر ليتقاضى إليها رعايا الدول الأوروبية، الذين كانت المعاهدات تمنع تعاملهم مع القضاء المصري المحلي. افتتح المحاكم المختلطة الخديو إسماعيل في 28 يونيو 1875، في حفل أقيم بسراي رأس التين بالإسكندرية، وكان ناظر الحقانية آنذاك هو شريف باشا، وشهد الحفل توفيق باشا (الخديو توفيق فيما بعد) بصفته ناظرًا للداخلية، ونوبار باشا، والأمير منصور باشا، وإسماعيل صديق باشا ناظر المالية، ولفيف من الأمراء والوجهاء وقناصل الدول الأجنبية. (ar) The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم المختلطة, transliterated: Al-Maḥākim al-Mukhṭaliṭah, French: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha. Designed by Nubar Nubarian Pasha to be part of the Khedive's great plans for Egypt, the Mixed Courts led to a radical reform of Egypt's chaotic nineteenth century legal system, where Consular courts competed with Government tribunals and religious courts for jurisdiction. The completion of the Suez Canal (1869) and the development of the cotton trade had attracted many foreign interests and foreign nationals to Egypt. (en)
dcterms:subject	History of Egypt (1900–present) Expatriates in Egypt Ottoman Egypt Legal history of Egypt 1875 establishments in Egypt Courts and tribunals disestablished in 1949 Courts and tribunals established in 1875 Defunct courts 1949 disestablishments in Egypt
Wikipage page ID	27954765 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1112867049 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Cairo History of Egypt (1900–present) Belgium Expatriates in Egypt Julian M. Wright Peer, Belgium Montreux Convention Regarding the Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt Ottoman Egypt Consular court Arnold Struycken Strasbourg Suez Canal Common law Youssef Zulficar Pasha Khedive Baghdad Legal history of Egypt Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri Alexandria Almelo 1875 establishments in Egypt Extraterritoriality Firmin van den Bosch Fougères Nubar Pasha Ostend Paris Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire Courts and tribunals disestablished in 1949 History of Egypt under the British Isma'il Pasha Courts and tribunals established in 1875 The Hague Assen Defunct courts 1949 disestablishments in Egypt George Sherman Batcheller Mansoura, Egypt Netherlands New Orleans, Louisiana Romanization of Arabic Pierre Crabitès French Civil Code Batchellerville, New York Ramleh Egyptian Judicial System Ismalia dbr:Jasper_Yeates_Brinton
Link from a Wikipage to an external page
sameAs	Mixed Courts of Egypt Mixed Courts of Egypt Mixed Courts of Egypt Mixed Courts of Egypt Mixed Courts of Egypt Mixed Courts of Egypt Mixed Courts of Egypt Mixed Courts of Egypt Mixed Courts of Egypt
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:According_to_whom dbt:By_whom dbt:Citation_needed dbt:Essay-like dbt:Interlanguage_link_multi dbt:Multiple_issues dbt:Refimprove dbt:Reflist
has abstract	المحاكم المختلطة في مصر (بالفرنسية: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte، وبالإنجليزية: Mixed Courts of Egypt) هي محاكم أنشئت في مصر في القرن التاسع عشر ليتقاضى إليها رعايا الدول الأوروبية، الذين كانت المعاهدات تمنع تعاملهم مع القضاء المصري المحلي. افتتح المحاكم المختلطة الخديو إسماعيل في 28 يونيو 1875، في حفل أقيم بسراي رأس التين بالإسكندرية، وكان ناظر الحقانية آنذاك هو شريف باشا، وشهد الحفل توفيق باشا (الخديو توفيق فيما بعد) بصفته ناظرًا للداخلية، ونوبار باشا، والأمير منصور باشا، وإسماعيل صديق باشا ناظر المالية، ولفيف من الأمراء والوجهاء وقناصل الدول الأجنبية. خصص لمحكمة مصر المختلطة دار الحكومة بحارة العسيلي بالموسكي، وعُقدت أول جلساتها في أول فبراير 1876. ألغيت المحاكم المختلطة والقضاء القنصلي اعتبارًا من 15 أكتوبر 1949، بموجب القانون رقم 115 الصادر في 12 يوليو 1948 (5 رمضان 1367 هـ). (ar) Die Gemischten Gerichtshöfe in Ägypten waren Gerichte in Ägypten während der britischen Herrschaft und der sich daran anschließenden Zeit des Königreichs Ägypten, die vor allem der Verhandlung von zivil- und wirtschaftsrechtlichen Streitfällen zwischen Einheimischen und Ausländern sowie zwischen Ausländern verschiedener Nationalitäten dienten. Eine geplante Zuständigkeit im Bereich des Strafrechts wurde hingegen in der Praxis nicht realisiert. Die aus zwei Instanzen bestehenden Gerichtshöfe waren sowohl mit ausländischen als auch mit einheimischen Richtern besetzt. Sie hatten ihren Sitz in Alexandria, Kairo sowie al-Mansura und existierten von 1876 bis 1949. (de) The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم المختلطة, transliterated: Al-Maḥākim al-Mukhṭaliṭah, French: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha. Designed by Nubar Nubarian Pasha to be part of the Khedive's great plans for Egypt, the Mixed Courts led to a radical reform of Egypt's chaotic nineteenth century legal system, where Consular courts competed with Government tribunals and religious courts for jurisdiction. The completion of the Suez Canal (1869) and the development of the cotton trade had attracted many foreign interests and foreign nationals to Egypt. The Mixed Courts had Codes, based on a civil law format inspired by the French Civil Code and British common law but with significant Islamic and local principles. Without suppressing the Consular courts - which would have been diplomatically impossible - the Mixed Courts were intended to streamline legal issues between foreign nationals, and between foreigners and Egyptians. Three courts were established in Cairo, Mansoura and in Alexandria; the proceedings were held in French. Judges were appointed by the Khedive from leading Egyptian and foreign candidates. "The judiciary was at all times under the authority of the rulers of Egypt." There were three districts. The establishment of the courts, hearing disputes between Egyptians and foreigners and between foreigners of different nationalities, was so successful that new, so-called Native courts were set up in 1883, after the British Occupation of 1882. The 1883 Codes were based on those of 1875, and the judges, mostly Egyptian, tended to follow the Mixed Courts’ interpretation of the law. The Mixed Courts, by being the foremost judicial authority between 1875 and 1949 (when their functions were transferred to new National Courts) sat in times of political and social change in Egypt. Their decisions reflect the human and commercial history of the area, and involved complicated issues of law. The problems of sovereign immunity, sequestration of enemy property, international banking and maritime commerce were shadowed by the recognition and enforcement of divorces, legitimacy, and marriage contracts affecting people of different religions and nationalities. In between were a whole range of the usual types of legal disputes, such as trademarks and patents, and industrial injuries, without any developed theories at all that could be drawn upon for inspiration, either from inside or outside the country. (en) De Gemengde rechtbanken van Egypte waren bijzondere rechtbanken die in Egypte werkzaam waren van 1875 tot 1949. (nl)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Mixed_Courts_of_Egypt?oldid=1112867049&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	16392 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Mixed_Courts_of_Egypt

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