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An ecological metacommunity is a set of interacting communities which are linked by the dispersal of multiple, potentially interacting species. The term is derived from the field of community ecology, which is primarily concerned with patterns of species distribution, abundance and interactions. Metacommunity ecology combines the importance of local factors (environmental conditions, competition, predation) and regional factors (dispersal of individuals, immigration, emigration) to explain patterns of species distributions that happen in different spatial scales.

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  • Metacomunitat (ca)
  • Metacommunity (de)
  • Metacommunity (en)
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  • Una metacomunitat ecològica és un conjunt de comunitats connectades mitjançant la dispersió de les espècies constituents, les quals potencialment mantenen múltiples interaccions entre elles. El terme es deriva del camp de l'ecologia de comunitats, la qual estudia principalment els patrons de distribució i abundància de les espècies, i les seues interaccions. (ca)
  • Der Begriff Metacommunity kommt aus der Gemeinschaftsökologie, welche sich hauptsächlich mit Theorien zur Abundanz, Interaktion und räumlichen Ausbreitung von Arten befasst. Metacommunities setzen sich aus verschiedenen, miteinander interagierenden Artengemeinschaften zusammen. Die verschiedene Artengemeinschaften sind wiederum durch die räumliche Ausbreitung verschiedener Arten miteinander verbunden. Der Begriff Metacommunity verbindet die Bedeutung lokaler Faktoren, die für die Zusammensetzung von Artengemeinschaften bedeutsam sind (wie Umweltbedingungen, Konkurrenz und Prädation) mit regionalen Faktoren (wie die räumliche Ausbreitung von Individuen). (de)
  • An ecological metacommunity is a set of interacting communities which are linked by the dispersal of multiple, potentially interacting species. The term is derived from the field of community ecology, which is primarily concerned with patterns of species distribution, abundance and interactions. Metacommunity ecology combines the importance of local factors (environmental conditions, competition, predation) and regional factors (dispersal of individuals, immigration, emigration) to explain patterns of species distributions that happen in different spatial scales. (en)
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  • Una metacomunitat ecològica és un conjunt de comunitats connectades mitjançant la dispersió de les espècies constituents, les quals potencialment mantenen múltiples interaccions entre elles. El terme es deriva del camp de l'ecologia de comunitats, la qual estudia principalment els patrons de distribució i abundància de les espècies, i les seues interaccions. Hi ha quatre marcs teòrics, o temes unificadors, que descriuen els mecanismes específics útils per predir determinats patrons de les comunitats reals. Aquests són els marcs de la dinàmica de pedaços, l'ordenament d'espècies, la dinàmica font-embornal (o efectes de massa) i el model neutre. La dinàmica de pedaços descriu la composició d'espècies entre fragments múltiples idèntics, tals com illes, i emfasitza els compromisos entre la colonització i la competència. Els models d'ordenament d'espècies descriuen la variació d'abundància i composició d'espècies dins la metacomunitat com causada per les respostes de cada espècie individual a l'heterogeneïtat ambiental, de manera que certes condicions locals poden afavorir a algunes espècie però no altres. Aquest model representa les teories clàssiques centrades en el nínxol de G. Evelyn Hutchinson i Robert MacArthur. Els models de font-embornal descriuen un marc en el qual la dispersió i l'heterogeneïtat ambiental interaccionen per determinar l'abundància i composició local i regional. Aquest marc es deriva de l'ecologia de metapoblacions que descriu les dinàmiques de font-embornal al nivell de la població. Finalment, la perspectiva neutra descriu un marc on les espècies són essencialment equivalents en les seues habilitats competitives i dispersives, i la composició i l'abundància local i regional són determinades principalment per processos d'estocasticitat demogràfica i limitació dispersiva. La perspectiva neutra es va popularitzar recentment per Stephen Hubbell gràcies a la seua teoria neutra unificada de la biodiversitat. (ca)
  • Der Begriff Metacommunity kommt aus der Gemeinschaftsökologie, welche sich hauptsächlich mit Theorien zur Abundanz, Interaktion und räumlichen Ausbreitung von Arten befasst. Metacommunities setzen sich aus verschiedenen, miteinander interagierenden Artengemeinschaften zusammen. Die verschiedene Artengemeinschaften sind wiederum durch die räumliche Ausbreitung verschiedener Arten miteinander verbunden. Der Begriff Metacommunity verbindet die Bedeutung lokaler Faktoren, die für die Zusammensetzung von Artengemeinschaften bedeutsam sind (wie Umweltbedingungen, Konkurrenz und Prädation) mit regionalen Faktoren (wie die räumliche Ausbreitung von Individuen). Es gibt vier Theorien, die beschreiben, wie sich Gemeinschaften in einer Metacommunity zusammensetzen: (de)
  • An ecological metacommunity is a set of interacting communities which are linked by the dispersal of multiple, potentially interacting species. The term is derived from the field of community ecology, which is primarily concerned with patterns of species distribution, abundance and interactions. Metacommunity ecology combines the importance of local factors (environmental conditions, competition, predation) and regional factors (dispersal of individuals, immigration, emigration) to explain patterns of species distributions that happen in different spatial scales. There are four theoretical frameworks, or unifying themes, that each detail specific mechanistic processes useful for predicting empirical community patterns. These are the patch dynamics, species sorting, source–sink dynamics (or mass effect) and neutral model frameworks. Patch dynamics models describe species composition among multiple, identical patches, such as islands. In this framework, species are able to persist on patches through tradeoffs in colonization ability and competitive ability, where less competitive species can disperse to unoccupied patches faster than they go extinct in others. Species sorting models describe variation in abundance and composition within the metacommunity due to individual species responses to environmental heterogeneity, such that certain local conditions may favor certain species and not others. Under this perspective, species are able to persist in patches with suitable environmental conditions resulting in a strong correlation between local species composition and the environment. This model represents the classical theories of the niche-centric era of G. Evelyn Hutchinson and Robert MacArthur. Source-sink models describe a framework in which dispersal and environmental heterogeneity interact to determine local and regional abundance and composition. This framework is derived from the metapopulation ecology term describing source–sink dynamics at the population level. High levels of dispersal among habitat patches allows populations to be maintained in environments that are normally outside the species environmental range. Finally, the neutral perspective describes a framework where species are essentially equivalent in their competitive and dispersal abilities, and local and regional composition and abundance is determined primarily by stochastic demographic processes and dispersal limitation. The neutral perspective was recently popularized by Stephen P. Hubbell following his groundbreaking work on the unified neutral theory of biodiversity. (en)
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