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Compared to terrestrial environments, marine environments have biomass pyramids which are inverted at the base. In particular, the biomass of consumers (copepods, krill, shrimp, forage fish) is larger than the biomass of primary producers. This happens because the ocean's primary producers are tiny phytoplankton which grow and reproduce rapidly, so a small mass can have a fast rate of primary production. In contrast, many significant terrestrial primary producers, such as mature forests, grow and reproduce slowly, so a much larger mass is needed to achieve the same rate of primary production.

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  • Réseau trophique marin (fr)
  • Marine food web (en)
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  • Compared to terrestrial environments, marine environments have biomass pyramids which are inverted at the base. In particular, the biomass of consumers (copepods, krill, shrimp, forage fish) is larger than the biomass of primary producers. This happens because the ocean's primary producers are tiny phytoplankton which grow and reproduce rapidly, so a small mass can have a fast rate of primary production. In contrast, many significant terrestrial primary producers, such as mature forests, grow and reproduce slowly, so a much larger mass is needed to achieve the same rate of primary production. (en)
  • Un réseau trophique marin est une chaîne alimentaire, dont les êtres vivants évoluent dans un milieu aquatique salé. Ces organismes marins sont à la fois consommateurs et producteurs : ils constituent les maillons d'un réseau trophique spécifique à l'environnement marin. L'étude des réseaux trophiques marins met en évidence des liens entre les espèces de la biocénose marine, allant du tout petit (bactérie, organisme unicellulaire ou algue microscopique constituant la base de pyramide alimentaire) à des formes de vie plus imposantes comme les "grands prédateurs" (requins, thons...). (fr)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arctic_marine_food_web.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Biomass_by_life_form.jpg
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bathykorus_bouilloni.jpg
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gannet_(Morus_bassana),_Belmont_-_geograph.org.uk_-_529175.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cafeteria_roenbergensis_FENCHEL_and_D_J_PATTERSON_schematic_drawing.svg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cycling_of_marine_phytoplankton.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jellyfish_swarm.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prochlorococcus_marinus_(cropped).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tomopteriskils.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chesapeake_Waterbird_Food_Web.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diatoms_through_the_microscope.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hyperia.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Strongylocentrotus_franciscanus.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Killer_Whales_Hunting_a_Crabeater_Seal.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Export_Processes_in_the_Ocean_from_Remote_Sensing.jpg
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prochlorococcus_marinus.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Food_web_of_the_Venice_lagoon.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kaiserpinguine_mit_Jungen.jpg
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WhalePump.jpg
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Humpback_lunge_feeding.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Noctiluca_scintillans_unica.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nutrient_extraction_services_provided_by_bivalves.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Laboea_strobila.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FMIB_52630_Ophiopholis_aculeata.jpeg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giant_virus_CroV_with_its_virophage_Mavirus.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Food_web_reconstruction_by_DNA_barcodes.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marinomonas_arctica.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roles_of_fungi_in_the_marine_carbon_cycle.jpg
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/An_in_situ_perspective_of_a_deep_pelagic_food_web.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antarctic_marine_food_web_-_Potter_Cove.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anthropogenic_stressors_to_marine_species_threatened_with_extinction.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arctic_food_web_with_mixotrophy.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arctic_marine_food_web_2.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Atlantic_puffin_and_herring_food_chain.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/California_Mussels_(2513978279).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/California_Sea_Otter.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Changes_in_abundance_in_a_temperate_rocky_reef_ecosystem.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Common-enemy_graph_of_food_web.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CroV_TEM_(cropped).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cryptic_interactions_in_the_marine_food_web.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Food_web_structure_in_the_euphotic_zone.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fragilariopsis_kerguelensis.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Global_distribution_of_anthropogenic_stressors_to_marine_species.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Global_ocean_chlorophyll_concentration_October_2019.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Globe_showing_Antarctic_2.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Globe_showing_Arctic_2.png
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Graphical_network.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guaymas_seep_and_vent_ecosystems.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hydrothermal_Vents_and_Methane_Seeps.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ice_planet_and_antarctic_jellyfish_(crop).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mesopelagic_species_impact_on_global_carbon_budget.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Microorganisms_in_a_drop_of_seawater.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Misty_Forest_(227339925).jpeg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Role_of_micronekton_in_pelagic_food_webs.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Réseau_trophique_en_eaux_côtières.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schooling_fish.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sea_ice_food_web_and_the_microbial_loop.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sea_star_at_low_tide.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Seabird_ornitheutrophication_coupling.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sigmops_bathyphilus1.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Taxonomic_phylogram_of_eukaryotic_diversity_at_Coral_Bay_in_West_Australia.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Topological_position_versus_mobility_in_food_webs.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Visualization_of_an_aggregation_of_seagrass_food_webs.png
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