Mareşal (transl. Marshal) is the highest rank in the Turkish Land Forces and Turkish Air Force. It is the equivalent of a Field marshal in other countries. The rank of Mareşal can trace its origins to the Ottoman Empire, where the rank of Mushir (Arabic: مشير) was bestowed upon senior commanders upon order of the ruling Sultan. The word mariscalcus in Latin, had parts from the old-German words meaning horse and servant. The corresponding rank in the Turkish Navy is Büyük amiral.