Malcolm X College, one of the City Colleges of Chicago, is a two-year college located on the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois. It was founded as Crane Junior College in 1911 and was the first of the City Colleges. Crane ceased operations at the beginning of the Great Depression and was reopened in as Theodore Herzl Junior College, located in the North Lawndale neighborhood on Chicago's West Side in 1934. Needing a new campus in the late 1960s, Herzel's building was changed into an elementary school. In 1969, the school was named in honor of civil rights advocate and orator Malcolm X on its move to a new campus in the Near West Side.