In France there are many magazines which are mostly literary magazines, women's magazines and news magazines. One of the early literary magazines, Nouvelles de la république des lettres, was launched by Pierre Bayle in France in 1684. In 1996 there were 2,761 magazine titles. As of 2004 the total number of magazines increased to 4,500. The same year consumer magazines sold about 641,000 copies and business magazines sold nearly 219,000 copies in France. The following is an incomplete list of current and defunct magazines published in France. They are published in French or other languages.