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Although the Stonewall riots on June 28, 1969, are generally considered the impetus of the modern gay liberation movement, a number of demonstrations of civil resistance took place prior to that date. These actions, often organized by local homophile organizations but sometimes spontaneous, addressed concerns ranging from anti-gay discrimination in employment and public accommodations to the exclusion of homosexuals from the United States military to police harassment to the treatment of homosexuals in revolutionary Cuba. The early actions have been credited with preparing the gay community for Stonewall and contributing to the riots' symbolic power.

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  • List of LGBT actions in the United States prior to the Stonewall riots (en)
  • 石牆騷亂發生前的美國LGBT平權運動事件列表 (zh)
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  • 下表记录了石牆騷亂發生前的美國LGBT平權運動事件。儘管1969年的石牆騷亂普遍被視為同性戀平權運動的開始,但早在石牆騷亂發生前就已有同性戀者自發或由同性戀團體組織的示威遊行。這些行動的目的在於反同性戀歧視,例如抗議美軍對同性戀者的排斥與古巴對待同性戀者的政策等。這些早期的示威活動成功凝結同性戀社群的共同意識,並在1969年石牆騷亂時爆發,使其成為美國乃至於全球各地同性戀權利運動的開端。 早期的平權運動常採取的抗議手段包括設置路障阻擋抗議對象的人員進出等。美國東部的LGBT組織如、女同性戀組織與等組織在華盛頓、紐約或費城的總部或分會則組成東岸同志之友組織(East Coast Homophile Organizations,ECHO)以協調與組織示威遊行。由於人口稠密的大城市有相對較多的LGBT人群,ECHO常在這些城市組織遊行活動,同時他們也會對參加者的著裝作出規定,例如男性必須繫上領帶、穿上夾克等;女性必須穿上裙子等。這些要求是由馬太辛協會創辦人法蘭克·卡莫尼所提出的,他意圖向人們展示,同性戀者是「體面且適宜僱用的」,並無與異性戀者有何異同。許多早期的示威者都繼續投入後來的同性戀解放運動。 (zh)
  • Although the Stonewall riots on June 28, 1969, are generally considered the impetus of the modern gay liberation movement, a number of demonstrations of civil resistance took place prior to that date. These actions, often organized by local homophile organizations but sometimes spontaneous, addressed concerns ranging from anti-gay discrimination in employment and public accommodations to the exclusion of homosexuals from the United States military to police harassment to the treatment of homosexuals in revolutionary Cuba. The early actions have been credited with preparing the gay community for Stonewall and contributing to the riots' symbolic power. (en)
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