A Lippmann diagram is a graphical plot showing the solidus/solutus equilibrium states for a given binary solid solution (e.g., (Ba1-xSrx)SO4, barite/celestite) in equilibrium with an aqueous solution containing the two substituting ions: Ba2+ and Sr2+ (solid solution – aqueous solution system, or SS-AS). It was proposed in the 1970s by F. Lippmann to determine excess Gibbs functions. This diagram summarizes the thermodynamic basis of solid-solution aqueous-solution systems (SS-AS) equilibria and helps to predict the nucleation kinetics for solid solutions crystallizing from an aqueous solution.
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