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Lijstduwer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɛistˌdyʋər], 'list pusher') is a Dutch term for the last candidate on a party list. In Suriname, the Netherlands and Belgium, this position is often taken by well-known non-politicians such as artists, celebrities and sports people. They are officially a candidate, but they are put at the end of the party list (in an unelectable position) in a bid to attract more votes for the party and as a sign they endorse that specific party. In local elections, ordinary people who are well known in the community might also act as lijstduwer.

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  • Lijstduwer (it)
  • Lijstduwer (en)
  • Lijstduwer (nl)
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  • Lijstduwer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɛistˌdyʋər], 'list pusher') is a Dutch term for the last candidate on a party list. In Suriname, the Netherlands and Belgium, this position is often taken by well-known non-politicians such as artists, celebrities and sports people. They are officially a candidate, but they are put at the end of the party list (in an unelectable position) in a bid to attract more votes for the party and as a sign they endorse that specific party. In local elections, ordinary people who are well known in the community might also act as lijstduwer. (en)
  • Lijstduwer è un termine olandese che sta per ultimo candidato in una lista di partito. In Suriname, nei Paesi Bassi e in Belgio, questa posizione è spesso presa da noti non politici come artisti, celebrità e sportivi. Sono ufficialmente candidati, ma vengono messi alla fine della lista dei partiti (in una posizione non selezionabile) nel tentativo di attirare più voti per il partito e come segno di approvazione di quello specifico partito. Nelle elezioni locali, le persone comuni che sono ben conosciute nella comunità potrebbero anche fungere da lijstduwer. (it)
  • Een lijstduwer is een verkiezingskandidaat namens een politieke partij die persoonlijk naar verwachting veel stemmen zal trekken, maar op een (vrijwel) onverkiesbare plaats op de kandidatenlijst staat. De eerste prominente lijstduwers dateren uit het begin van de jaren tachtig. De PvdA-prominenten Marcel van Dam en Wim Kok stonden toen als lijstduwer onderaan de PvdA-lijst voor de gemeenteraad. (nl)
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  • Lijstduwer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɛistˌdyʋər], 'list pusher') is a Dutch term for the last candidate on a party list. In Suriname, the Netherlands and Belgium, this position is often taken by well-known non-politicians such as artists, celebrities and sports people. They are officially a candidate, but they are put at the end of the party list (in an unelectable position) in a bid to attract more votes for the party and as a sign they endorse that specific party. In local elections, ordinary people who are well known in the community might also act as lijstduwer. Since these electoral systems use open list party-list proportional representation, votes cast to the lijstduwer add up to the total number of votes, and hence seats for the party. The candidate is not likely to become a member of the elected body due to the low placement on the list, and generally rejects the position if they gather enough preference votes for a full seat (which they can claim under the Dutch system). There can be more than one lijstduwer. How many members on the list can be considered lijstduwer varies. In the broader definition, candidates who are lower on the list than the number of seats a party is likely to win, are considered lijstduwers. In Israel, which uses a closed list nationwide proportional representation system, the tradition of choosing elder statesmen and celebrities as candidates in the lowest places of the list also exists, but without a special term. As some local elections in Germany have cumulative voting and panachage the last place on the party list is sometimes given to a more prominent or high profile candidate for similar reasons to the phenomenon in the Netherlands. Well-known national politicians can act as lijstduwer on the list for the European and municipal elections. (en)
  • Een lijstduwer is een verkiezingskandidaat namens een politieke partij die persoonlijk naar verwachting veel stemmen zal trekken, maar op een (vrijwel) onverkiesbare plaats op de kandidatenlijst staat. Meestal gaat het om iemand die niet gekozen wil worden, maar wel wil bijdragen aan de populariteit van zijn of haar partij. Iemand die als lijstduwer gezien wordt, is vaak een bekende persoonlijkheid of populair politicus, die soms actief deelneemt aan de verkiezingscampagne en daarbij in de publiciteit treedt. Bij lokale verkiezingen wordt ook wel gekozen voor oud-wethouders die resultaten hebben behaald in het verleden. Soms treedt een zittend minister op als lijstduwer bij de verkiezingen voor de Tweede Kamer, wanneer hij zo mogelijk wel als minister wil terugkeren, maar niet bereid is Kamerlid te worden wanneer zijn partij onverhoopt niet in de regering komt. Ook komt het voor dat bekende landelijk politici als lijstduwer optreden bij verkiezingen voor de Provinciale Staten of de gemeenteraad. Omgekeerd komt het voor dat regionale politici als lijstduwer op een landelijke lijst staan, om stemmen in de regio te trekken. Soms treden bekende Nederlanders op als lijstduwer, terwijl zij geen politieke aspiraties hebben. De eerste prominente lijstduwers dateren uit het begin van de jaren tachtig. De PvdA-prominenten Marcel van Dam en Wim Kok stonden toen als lijstduwer onderaan de PvdA-lijst voor de gemeenteraad. (nl)
  • Lijstduwer è un termine olandese che sta per ultimo candidato in una lista di partito. In Suriname, nei Paesi Bassi e in Belgio, questa posizione è spesso presa da noti non politici come artisti, celebrità e sportivi. Sono ufficialmente candidati, ma vengono messi alla fine della lista dei partiti (in una posizione non selezionabile) nel tentativo di attirare più voti per il partito e come segno di approvazione di quello specifico partito. Nelle elezioni locali, le persone comuni che sono ben conosciute nella comunità potrebbero anche fungere da lijstduwer. Dal momento che questi sistemi elettorali usano la lista proporzionale di liste aperte, i voti espressi sul lijstduwer si sommano al numero totale di voti, e quindi ai seggi per il partito. È improbabile che il candidato diventi membro dell'organo eletto a causa del basso posizionamento sulla lista, e in genere rifiuta la posizione se raccoglie voti di preferenza sufficienti per un seggio completo (che può essere richiesto nel sistema olandese). Possono esserci più di un lijstduwer. Nella definizione più ampia, i candidati che sono più in basso nella lista e quindi il numero di seggi che una parte probabilmente vincerà, sono considerati lijstduwers. I ben noti politici nazionali possono fungere da lijstduwer nella lista delle elezioni europee e municipali. (it)
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