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Late Qing reforms (Chinese: 晚清改革; pinyin: Wǎnqīng gǎigé), commonly known as New Policies of the late Qing dynasty (Chinese: 清末新政; pinyin: Qīngmò xīnzhèng), or New Deal of the late Qing dynasty, simply referred to as New Policies, were a series of cultural, economic, educational, military, and political reforms implemented in the last decade of the Qing dynasty to keep the dynasty in power after the invasions of the great powers of the Eight Nation Alliance in league with the ten provinces of the Southeast Mutual Protection in the Boxer Uprising.

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  • Reformasi pada akhir Dinasti Qing (in)
  • Late Qing reforms (en)
  • 청말신정 (ko)
  • 光緒新政 (ja)
  • 清末新政 (zh)
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  • 光緒新政(こうしょしんせい)とは、清末の1901年(光緒27年)以降、西太后の主導により清朝が推進した政治改革。清末新政とも称する。 (ja)
  • 청말신정(淸末新政)은 청나라 최후의 개혁으로, 서태후 주도 하에 진행된 정치 개혁이다. 만청개혁(晩淸改革), 광서신정(光緖新政), 광서변법(光緖變法), 경자신정(庚子新政), 신축신정(辛丑新政) 혹은 자희신정(慈禧新政)이라고도 불린다. 청조는 의화단 운동이 실패하고 8개국 연합군이 북경을 점령한 이후, 1901년부터 교육, 경제, 군사 등의 분야에서 개혁을 진행하였고, 1906년 예비입헌을 통하여 정치 개혁을 실시하였다. 이 기간 동안 흠정헌법대강을 반포한 후, 9년간의 준비 기간을 거쳐 입헌군주제를 실시할 계획이었으나, 1911년 신해혁명이 발발하고, 1912년 청나라가 완전히 멸망하면서 실패로 끝났다. 그러나 이 기간 동안 정치, 경제, 사회, 교육, 군사, 관제의 여러 분야에 큰 영향을 끼쳤으며, 을 포함한 사회 개혁 운동에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다. (ko)
  • 清末新政(中華民國称「庚子新政」,香港称晚清改革,日本称光绪新政)是1900年庚子拳亂引發八國聯軍之役後,慈禧太后見清軍、拳民在西方現代化軍隊前不堪一擊,為變革圖強而展開的第三波政治經濟改革,是中國數千年專制史中最後一場革新。 (zh)
  • Late Qing reforms (Chinese: 晚清改革; pinyin: Wǎnqīng gǎigé), commonly known as New Policies of the late Qing dynasty (Chinese: 清末新政; pinyin: Qīngmò xīnzhèng), or New Deal of the late Qing dynasty, simply referred to as New Policies, were a series of cultural, economic, educational, military, and political reforms implemented in the last decade of the Qing dynasty to keep the dynasty in power after the invasions of the great powers of the Eight Nation Alliance in league with the ten provinces of the Southeast Mutual Protection in the Boxer Uprising. (en)
  • Reformasi pada akhir Dinasti Qing (Hanzi: 晚清改革; Pinyin: Wǎnqīng gǎigé), umumnya disebut Kebijakan Baru pada akhir dinasti Qing (Hanzi: 清末新政; Pinyin: Qīngmò xīnzhèng), atau "Kesepakatan Baru pada akhir Dinasti Qing", yang dimaksud dengan Kebijakan Baru adalah serangkaian reformasi budaya, ekonomi, pendidikan, militer dan politik yang dilaksanakan pada dekade terakhir Dinasti Qing guna menjaga dinasti agar tetap berkuasa setelah invasi negara-negara besar yaitu Aliansi Delapan Negara yang bersekutu dengan sepuluh provinsi yang termasuk dalam Pakta Pertahanan Bersama Provinsi Tenggara ketika terjadi Pemberontakan Boxer. (in)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zizhengyuan.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chinese_Army_officers_LCCN2014688609.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qing_New_army_officers_and_soldiers_1911.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/皇族內閣.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chinese_sailors-1911.jpg
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  • 晚清改革 (en)
  • 清末新政 (en)
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