The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a claim from language acquisition research proposed by Noam Chomsky in the 1960s. The LAD concept is a purported instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language. It is a component of the nativist theory of language. This theory asserts that humans are born with the instinct or "innate facility" for acquiring language. The main argument given in favor of the LAD was the argument from the poverty of the stimulus, which argues that unless children have significant innate knowledge of grammar, they would not be able to learn language as quickly as they do, given that they never have access to negative evidence and rarely receive direct instruction in their first language.
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| - Language Acquisition Device (de)
- Language acquisition device (it)
- Language acquisition device (en)
- 言語獲得装置 (ja)
- Языковая способность (ru)
- 語言習得裝置 (zh)
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| - Die Language Acquisition Device (LAD) ist ein von Noam Chomsky postuliertes Modul im Gehirn, das für den Spracherwerb erforderliches Wissen um Sprache und Grammatik enthält. Das Language-Acquisition-Device-Modell (LAD) ist ein nativistisches Konzept zum Spracherwerb. Dem nativistischen Ansatz zufolge ist ein angeborenes Vorwissen Grundlage des Spracherwerbs, weil ein Sprachenlernen nur aufgrund von dem, was das Kind als sprachlichen Input aus seiner Umgebung aufnimmt, nicht möglich wäre. (de)
- 言語獲得装置（げんごかくとくそうち、英: Language Acquisition Device, 略称: LAD）は、普遍文法仮説にあらわれる、言語習得を自然に可能にする人間の精神にある仮説上のモジュールである。詳細は普遍文法の記事を参照。 一般にヒトは第一言語について、それを言語学でいう統語論のような形ではほとんど何も教えてもらわないものの、幼児でもなんらかの形で統語によって言語を操ることを獲得しているように見える。そのことについて、生来のなんらかのものを持っていないとすればそのように早く習得できないだろうとして、このようなものを仮定するのである。 (ja)
- Языкова́я спосо́бность — специфический психофизиологический механизм, формирующийся у носителя языка на основе нейрофизиологических предпосылок и под влиянием опыта речевого общения. (ru)
- 语言习得装置（英語：Language Acquisition Device，LAD）是人类心智的假想模块，用于解释儿童天生的语言习得倾向。 最初由諾姆·杭士基在20世纪60年代提出，LAD概念是一种本能的心智能力，使婴儿能够获得和产生语言。它是语言先天論的一部分。该理论断言人类出生即具有「與生俱來的能力」或本能以习得语言。支持LAD的主要论点是来自，该论证认为，因为儿童永远无法接觸到，也很少接受第一语言的直接教学，除非儿童对文法具有重要的先天知识，否则他们无法這麼快速地学习语言。 杭士基在解释LAD时指出，由於单词形式（字符串）和文法顺序的關係，语言是无限的。单词形式會组成文法正确的单词序列，而這些单词序列會汇集到每种独立语言的有限词典中。因此，LAD的任务，就是从无限文法中选出正确的文法以對應於呈现给個體（例如孩子）的语言。然而，杭士基的观点导致了一些问题，比如:「孩子如何选择一种特定语言的正确文法?」，對此有负面证据缺乏（由提出）、天生普遍文法（由杭士基提出），以及无差错学习等观点 。 馬威尼专注于负面证据的贫困，认为没有足够的证据支持无差错学习以及普遍文法存在。如果建成這樣的系统，該系統則會是“有预测性的”，因此在這種情況下，固有的LAD将會收錄設定好的普遍文法。 (zh)
- The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a claim from language acquisition research proposed by Noam Chomsky in the 1960s. The LAD concept is a purported instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language. It is a component of the nativist theory of language. This theory asserts that humans are born with the instinct or "innate facility" for acquiring language. The main argument given in favor of the LAD was the argument from the poverty of the stimulus, which argues that unless children have significant innate knowledge of grammar, they would not be able to learn language as quickly as they do, given that they never have access to negative evidence and rarely receive direct instruction in their first language. (en)
- Il language acquisition device (LAD) è un ipotetico dispositivo di acquisizione della lingua, un meccanismo del cervello che Noam Chomsky postula per spiegare l'innata capacità umana di apprendere le strutture sintattiche del linguaggio. Questo è un componente della teoria generativista della linguistica, che sostiene che gli esseri umani siano nati con l'istinto, o la "capacità innata", di acquisire la lingua. (it)
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| - Die Language Acquisition Device (LAD) ist ein von Noam Chomsky postuliertes Modul im Gehirn, das für den Spracherwerb erforderliches Wissen um Sprache und Grammatik enthält. Das Language-Acquisition-Device-Modell (LAD) ist ein nativistisches Konzept zum Spracherwerb. Dem nativistischen Ansatz zufolge ist ein angeborenes Vorwissen Grundlage des Spracherwerbs, weil ein Sprachenlernen nur aufgrund von dem, was das Kind als sprachlichen Input aus seiner Umgebung aufnimmt, nicht möglich wäre. (de)
- The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a claim from language acquisition research proposed by Noam Chomsky in the 1960s. The LAD concept is a purported instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language. It is a component of the nativist theory of language. This theory asserts that humans are born with the instinct or "innate facility" for acquiring language. The main argument given in favor of the LAD was the argument from the poverty of the stimulus, which argues that unless children have significant innate knowledge of grammar, they would not be able to learn language as quickly as they do, given that they never have access to negative evidence and rarely receive direct instruction in their first language. A summary explaining LAD by Chomsky states that languages are infinite pertaining to the sequence of word forms (strings) and grammar. These word forms organize grammatically correct sequences of words that can be pooled over a limited lexicon of each independent language. So, LAD is tasked to select from an infinite number of grammars the one which is correct for the language that is presented to an individual, for example, a child. (en)
- 言語獲得装置（げんごかくとくそうち、英: Language Acquisition Device, 略称: LAD）は、普遍文法仮説にあらわれる、言語習得を自然に可能にする人間の精神にある仮説上のモジュールである。詳細は普遍文法の記事を参照。 一般にヒトは第一言語について、それを言語学でいう統語論のような形ではほとんど何も教えてもらわないものの、幼児でもなんらかの形で統語によって言語を操ることを獲得しているように見える。そのことについて、生来のなんらかのものを持っていないとすればそのように早く習得できないだろうとして、このようなものを仮定するのである。 (ja)
- Il language acquisition device (LAD) è un ipotetico dispositivo di acquisizione della lingua, un meccanismo del cervello che Noam Chomsky postula per spiegare l'innata capacità umana di apprendere le strutture sintattiche del linguaggio. Questo è un componente della teoria generativista della linguistica, che sostiene che gli esseri umani siano nati con l'istinto, o la "capacità innata", di acquisire la lingua. Il principale punto a favore del LAD è quello della "povertà dello stimolo", il quale sostiene che a meno che i bambini abbiano una conoscenza innata significativa della grammatica, non sarebbero capaci di imparare la propria madrelingua così velocemente, considerando che hanno accesso a evidenza negativa (come, per esempio, l'uso dell'ellissi) e raramente ricevono istruzioni dirette sull'uso della loro lingua. Questo meccanismo conferisce ai bambini la capacità di ricavare la struttura sintattica e le regole della loro lingua nativa rapidamente e con precisione nonostante un input limitato fornito dal proprio ambiente circostante. Il dispositivo è costituito da un insieme finito di dimensioni lungo le quali variano le lingue, che vengono però fissate a livelli diversi per le diverse lingue sulla base dell'esposizione effettiva a una data lingua madre. Il LAD riflette il presupposto di fondo di Chomsky che molti aspetti del linguaggio sono universali (comuni a tutte le lingue e le culture) e limitata dalla conoscenza di base innata di linguaggio chiamato "Grammatica universale". Questa considerazione teorica, di acquisizione della sintassi, è in netto contrasto con le opinioni di Burrhus Skinner, Jean Piaget e altri teorici dell'apprendimento cognitivo e sociale, i quali sottolineano il ruolo di esperienze, di conoscenze generali e di competenze, nell'acquisizione del linguaggio (v. Semantica distribuzionale). (it)
- Языкова́я спосо́бность — специфический психофизиологический механизм, формирующийся у носителя языка на основе нейрофизиологических предпосылок и под влиянием опыта речевого общения. (ru)
- 语言习得装置（英語：Language Acquisition Device，LAD）是人类心智的假想模块，用于解释儿童天生的语言习得倾向。 最初由諾姆·杭士基在20世纪60年代提出，LAD概念是一种本能的心智能力，使婴儿能够获得和产生语言。它是语言先天論的一部分。该理论断言人类出生即具有「與生俱來的能力」或本能以习得语言。支持LAD的主要论点是来自，该论证认为，因为儿童永远无法接觸到，也很少接受第一语言的直接教学，除非儿童对文法具有重要的先天知识，否则他们无法這麼快速地学习语言。 杭士基在解释LAD时指出，由於单词形式（字符串）和文法顺序的關係，语言是无限的。单词形式會组成文法正确的单词序列，而這些单词序列會汇集到每种独立语言的有限词典中。因此，LAD的任务，就是从无限文法中选出正确的文法以對應於呈现给個體（例如孩子）的语言。然而，杭士基的观点导致了一些问题，比如:「孩子如何选择一种特定语言的正确文法?」，對此有负面证据缺乏（由提出）、天生普遍文法（由杭士基提出），以及无差错学习等观点 。 馬威尼专注于负面证据的贫困，认为没有足够的证据支持无差错学习以及普遍文法存在。如果建成這樣的系统，該系統則會是“有预测性的”，因此在這種情況下，固有的LAD将會收錄設定好的普遍文法。 (zh)
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