Josephine Thrane (née Buch; 5 April 1820 – 30 September 1862) was a Norwegian teacher and political activist. Maria Josephine Buch was born in the Bragernes neighborhood of Drammen, Norway. She was the daughter of Johann Herman Krefting Buch (1776–1838) and Johanne Frideriche Falster (1781–1828). In 1841, she was married to Marcus Thrane. They settled in Lillehammer where she had been working as a governess. From 1841 to 1846 they were running a private school for boys and girls. From 1854, she worked for the periodical Arbeider-Foreningernes Blad, which her husband had started in 1849.