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Jon Gundersen Hol (1 September 1851 – 1941) was a Norwegian engineer and activist. He is known for his pamphlet Rifleringen, published in February 1884, that resulted in his arrest for lèse majesté. In the pamphlet, he called for soldiers and civilians to arm themselves and encircle the Parliament of Norway Building, creating a "Ring of Rifles", should the need arise. The political situation in Norway at the time was unstable, with an ongoing impeachment case against the conservative government started by political liberals. King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway supported the conservative politicians, and Hol believed that a political and military counter-offensive was planned, hence the need for guarding the Parliament. The tensions between liberals and conservatives drew Hol into politics i

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  • جون هول (مهندس) (ar)
  • Jon Hol (en)
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  • كان جون غندرسون هول (1 سبتمبر 1851 – 1941) مهندسًا وناشطًا نرويجيًا. عُرف بمنشوره ريفلينغين (حلقة البنادق)، الذي نُشر في فبراير 1884، وأسفر عن اعتقاله بتهمة إهانة الذات الملكية. دعا غندرسون في المنشور الجنود والمدنيين إلى تسليح أنفسهم وتطويق مبنى البرلمان النرويجي، وتشكيل «حلقة من البنادق»، إذا ما دعت الحاجة إلى ذلك. كان الوضع السياسي في النرويج آنذاك غير مستقر، إذ بدأ الليبراليون السياسيون دعوى عزل مستمرة ضد الحكومة المحافظة. دعم أوسكار الثاني ملك السويد والنرويج السياسيين المحافظين، واعتقد هول أن هناك خطة لتنفيذ هجوم مضاد سياسي وعسكري، ومن هنا جاءت الحاجة إلى حراسة البرلمان. كانت التوترات الناشئة بين الليبراليين والمحافظين السبب وراء توجه هول إلى مجال السياسة في المقام الأول عام 1880. كان يعمل قبل ذلك مهندسًا وكاتبًا، ولم يهتم بالسياسة نهائيًا. كثف كتاباته بعد عام 1880، وانخرط أيضًا في ن (ar)
  • Jon Gundersen Hol (1 September 1851 – 1941) was a Norwegian engineer and activist. He is known for his pamphlet Rifleringen, published in February 1884, that resulted in his arrest for lèse majesté. In the pamphlet, he called for soldiers and civilians to arm themselves and encircle the Parliament of Norway Building, creating a "Ring of Rifles", should the need arise. The political situation in Norway at the time was unstable, with an ongoing impeachment case against the conservative government started by political liberals. King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway supported the conservative politicians, and Hol believed that a political and military counter-offensive was planned, hence the need for guarding the Parliament. The tensions between liberals and conservatives drew Hol into politics i (en)
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  • Jon Hol (en)
name
  • Jon Hol (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jon_Hol.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rifleringen.png
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  • Nord-Odal, Norway (en)
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