The Jay–Gardoqui Treaty (also known as the Liberty Treaty with Spain) of 1786 between the United States and Spain was not ratified. It would have guaranteed Spanish exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 25 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian ports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was opposed by Virginia leaders James Madison and James Monroe who secured its rejection by the Continental Congress.
| Attributes | Values |
|---|
| rdf:type
| |
| rdfs:label
| - Jay–Gardoqui Treaty (en)
- 杰伊-加尔多基条约 (zh)
|
| rdfs:comment
| - The Jay–Gardoqui Treaty (also known as the Liberty Treaty with Spain) of 1786 between the United States and Spain was not ratified. It would have guaranteed Spanish exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 25 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian ports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was opposed by Virginia leaders James Madison and James Monroe who secured its rejection by the Continental Congress. (en)
- 《杰伊-加尔多基条约》（The Jay–Gardoqui Treaty），也被称作《同西班牙的许可权条约》， 在美利坚合众国同西班牙于1786签订的条约，授权西班牙在密西西比河25年独家航行权。 条约同样要求西班牙开放其在欧洲和西印度群岛的海港，以供美国船只航运。然而，在《邦联条例》背景下 该条约并没有得到（美方）批准。 国会的权威如此之少，而且对联盟各州的（管辖）权力如此之小，对外交政策的影响很小，以至于其他国家要么忽视新生的美国，要么粗暴（侵犯）其利益而不必担心遭到报复。英国无视《巴黎条约》的相关条款 ，在和平条约缔结后依然将军队保留在美国境内；美方也无视《巴黎条约》所要求 ，其债务人拒绝偿还英国债权人的债务。美国州法院通常拒绝原告是英国人的诉讼，《邦联条例》没有提供（可供英国人上诉的）联邦法院。 1784年，当西班牙关闭新奥尔良港同美国的商贸往来时，国会派约翰·杰伊前往马德里洽谈美国公民在密西西比河的通航事宜。在高多奇于1785年6月抵达纽约后，随即美西两方条约的会谈开始。经过一年的外交努力，两方签署了一项协议，该协议忽略了密西西比河问题，（而代之）以换取有利于东北部的商业优势（的内容）（杰伊-加尔多基条约）。国会拒绝了此条约，此事项也搁置有十年。国会还谴责英国人和西班牙人依然占领西部领土，但（美国）又无力强行改变这些国家控制土地（的实际状况）。 美国同英国和西班牙的问题包括： (zh)
|
| dcterms:subject
| |
| Wikipage page ID
| |
| Wikipage revision ID
| |
| Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage
| |
| sameAs
| |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
| |
| has abstract
| - The Jay–Gardoqui Treaty (also known as the Liberty Treaty with Spain) of 1786 between the United States and Spain was not ratified. It would have guaranteed Spanish exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 25 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian ports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was opposed by Virginia leaders James Madison and James Monroe who secured its rejection by the Continental Congress. With a weak central government that delegated most decisions to individual states, American foreign policy was disjointed. European powers looked at the new nation as a weakling, and tried to run roughshod over it. American nationalists realized the problem, and used the weakness in dealing with foreign powers as one of the reasons to install a new constitution in 1789. Spain had numerous schemes to keep the new nation weak, including closing the Mississippi River to its traffic, and forming alliances with Indian tribes along its southern border. On the other hand, Spanish merchants welcomed trade with the new nation, which had been impossible when it was a British colony. Madrid therefore encouraged the United States to set up consulates in Spain's New World colonies. American merchants and Eastern cities likewise wanted to open trade with the Spanish colonies which had been forbidden before 1775. A new line of commerce involved American merchants importing goods from Britain, and then reselling them to the Spanish colonies. When Spain closed the port of New Orleans to American commerce in 1784, Congress sent John Jay to Madrid to achieve terms to open the Mississippi to Americans. Gardoqui, however, arrived in New York in June 1785 and Spanish-American treaty negotiations began soon after. A year's worth of diplomacy resulted in the ambassadors signing an agreement that ignored the problem of the Mississippi in exchange for commercial advantages benefiting the Northeast (the Jay–Gardoqui Treaty). Congress rejected the treaty, and the issue smoldered for ten more years. Congress also claimed lands in the west still occupied by the British and Spaniards, but could not forcefully challenge those nations for control of the land. (en)
- 《杰伊-加尔多基条约》（The Jay–Gardoqui Treaty），也被称作《同西班牙的许可权条约》， 在美利坚合众国同西班牙于1786签订的条约，授权西班牙在密西西比河25年独家航行权。 条约同样要求西班牙开放其在欧洲和西印度群岛的海港，以供美国船只航运。然而，在《邦联条例》背景下 该条约并没有得到（美方）批准。 国会的权威如此之少，而且对联盟各州的（管辖）权力如此之小，对外交政策的影响很小，以至于其他国家要么忽视新生的美国，要么粗暴（侵犯）其利益而不必担心遭到报复。英国无视《巴黎条约》的相关条款 ，在和平条约缔结后依然将军队保留在美国境内；美方也无视《巴黎条约》所要求 ，其债务人拒绝偿还英国债权人的债务。美国州法院通常拒绝原告是英国人的诉讼，《邦联条例》没有提供（可供英国人上诉的）联邦法院。 1784年，当西班牙关闭新奥尔良港同美国的商贸往来时，国会派约翰·杰伊前往马德里洽谈美国公民在密西西比河的通航事宜。在高多奇于1785年6月抵达纽约后，随即美西两方条约的会谈开始。经过一年的外交努力，两方签署了一项协议，该协议忽略了密西西比河问题，（而代之）以换取有利于东北部的商业优势（的内容）（杰伊-加尔多基条约）。国会拒绝了此条约，此事项也搁置有十年。国会还谴责英国人和西班牙人依然占领西部领土，但（美国）又无力强行改变这些国家控制土地（的实际状况）。 （当时）美国的武装力量，除了国会几乎没有控制权的各州民兵，都因实际目的在战后被解散了。（1784年，美军人数不足100人） 不管是好是坏，外交事务将在1790年至1815年间主导美国公共生活和政治，因欧洲正陷于同法国大革命和帝国战争中。然而，尽管美国成功通过美国独立战争获得了独立，但在战后的几年内美国仍然在世界上少有影响。 美国同英国和西班牙的问题包括：
* 边界：英国人拒绝放弃西北部的堡垒
* 英国皇家海军仍停留美国水域，这是对美国独立的威胁
* 未偿还债务的问题仍然存在，尽管有些人认为他们应该被放弃（乔治·梅森：“我们过去为何而战？”)
* 新奥尔良港和密西西比河对美国人依然关闭，1783年的条约恢复了西班牙的领土
* 西班牙人和英国人还被怀疑煽动印第安人反对（来自美国）西部的定居者
* 联邦政府缺乏权力和权威，无力与西班牙就佛罗里达边界等问题达成协议 (zh)
|
| prov:wasDerivedFrom
| |
| page length (characters) of wiki page
| |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
| |
| is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage
of | |
| is Wikipage redirect
of | |
| is foaf:primaryTopic
of | |
![[RDF Data]](/fct/images/sw-rdf-blue.png)
![[cxml]](/fct/images/cxml_doc.png)
![[csv]](/fct/images/csv_doc.png)
![[text]](/fct/images/ntriples_doc.png)
![[turtle]](/fct/images/n3turtle_doc.png)
![[ld+json]](/fct/images/jsonld_doc.png)
![[rdf+json]](/fct/images/json_doc.png)
![[rdf+xml]](/fct/images/xml_doc.png)
![[atom+xml]](/fct/images/atom_doc.png)
![[html]](/fct/images/html_doc.png)