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A Jagunço (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒaˈɡũsu]), from the Portuguese zarguncho (a weapon of African origin, similar to a short lance or chuzo), is an armed hand or bodyguard, usually hired by plantation owners and "colonels" in the backlands of Brazil, especially in Northern Brazil. They were hired to protect their employer, big land owner against invaders and feudal enemies, and also to control their slaves and indentured servants. Some farmers formed their own private militias with a number of heavily armed jagunços. There were also free-lancing or mercenary jagunços, who could be hired for temporary conflicts, as vigilantes, or for contract murders. Local folklore says that jagunços with yellow eyes were particularly fearsome and efficient.

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  • Jagunço (en)
  • Jagunço (pl)
  • Jagunço (pt)
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  • A Jagunço (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒaˈɡũsu]), from the Portuguese zarguncho (a weapon of African origin, similar to a short lance or chuzo), is an armed hand or bodyguard, usually hired by plantation owners and "colonels" in the backlands of Brazil, especially in Northern Brazil. They were hired to protect their employer, big land owner against invaders and feudal enemies, and also to control their slaves and indentured servants. Some farmers formed their own private militias with a number of heavily armed jagunços. There were also free-lancing or mercenary jagunços, who could be hired for temporary conflicts, as vigilantes, or for contract murders. Local folklore says that jagunços with yellow eyes were particularly fearsome and efficient. (en)
  • Jagunço - nazwa stosowana na określenie członków paramilitarnych oddziałów w północno-wschodniej Brazylii w XIX wieku. Później także termin oznaczający bandytę. Zjawisko było rozpowszechnione zwłaszcza na pustkowiach sertão, gdzie oficjalny, legalny system władzy i struktury państwa rzadko kiedy funkcjonowały sprawnie. Tamtejsi właściciele ziemscy tworzyli oddziały mające chronić ich posiadłości, brać udział w sprzeczkach z sąsiadami, a także pilnować niewolników, a później wolnych pracowników. Można było jagunço wynajmować, nie zawsze byli związani z jednym majątkiem. (pl)
  • Jagunço ou capanga era, no nordeste brasileiro, o indivíduo que se prestava ao trabalho paramilitar de proteção e segurança às lideranças políticas.O termo deriva do quimbundo, junguzu, ou do iorubá, jagun-jagun, ambos originados das palavras para "soldado". Claudionor Queiroz, em relato memorial, assim define o tipo humano do jagunço: (pt)
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  • A Jagunço (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒaˈɡũsu]), from the Portuguese zarguncho (a weapon of African origin, similar to a short lance or chuzo), is an armed hand or bodyguard, usually hired by plantation owners and "colonels" in the backlands of Brazil, especially in Northern Brazil. They were hired to protect their employer, big land owner against invaders and feudal enemies, and also to control their slaves and indentured servants. Some farmers formed their own private militias with a number of heavily armed jagunços. There were also free-lancing or mercenary jagunços, who could be hired for temporary conflicts, as vigilantes, or for contract murders. Local folklore says that jagunços with yellow eyes were particularly fearsome and efficient. The term was later extended to name any kind of rural bandit or outlaw, such as the "cangaceiros" (of which Lampião is the most notorious example). It was also applied as a pejorative term for the inhabitants of Canudos, a village founded by the religious mystic and messianic leader Antônio Conselheiro in the backlands of the state of Bahia. The village was destroyed in October 1897 during the War of Canudos. (en)
  • Jagunço - nazwa stosowana na określenie członków paramilitarnych oddziałów w północno-wschodniej Brazylii w XIX wieku. Później także termin oznaczający bandytę. Zjawisko było rozpowszechnione zwłaszcza na pustkowiach sertão, gdzie oficjalny, legalny system władzy i struktury państwa rzadko kiedy funkcjonowały sprawnie. Tamtejsi właściciele ziemscy tworzyli oddziały mające chronić ich posiadłości, brać udział w sprzeczkach z sąsiadami, a także pilnować niewolników, a później wolnych pracowników. Można było jagunço wynajmować, nie zawsze byli związani z jednym majątkiem. Termin był także stosowany jako pejoratywne określenie ludzi biorących udział w tzw. wojnie w Canudos (Guerra de Canudos). W latach 1896-1897 wokół samozwańczego mistyka zgromadziło się kilkadziesiąt tysięcy ludzi protestujących przeciw republice. Społeczno-religijny ruch został stłumiony przez oddziały wojska. (pl)
  • Jagunço ou capanga era, no nordeste brasileiro, o indivíduo que se prestava ao trabalho paramilitar de proteção e segurança às lideranças políticas.O termo deriva do quimbundo, junguzu, ou do iorubá, jagun-jagun, ambos originados das palavras para "soldado". Segundo o Professor Gabriel Perissé, da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) em suas "Considerações Etimológicas" no livro Palavras e Origens, discorrendo sobre a considerável lista de palavras que não provêm do mundo greco-latino, após citar várias da herança tupi-guarani, que se incorporaram à nossa língua, e sobre a presença afronegra no português falado no Brasil, nos diz: Claudionor Queiroz, em relato memorial, assim define o tipo humano do jagunço: Para este autor, o jagunço se fazia a partir de um crime cometido e, em seguida, a busca de proteção contra a justiça junto a um chefe político, para quem passava a prestar serviços ordinários de peão (como lida de gado, plantação de roças, etc.) e, eventualmente, serviços de segurança, pistolagens, etc., típicos do jagunço propriamente. “Conta a lenda, que existiam 3 irmãos: Já, Jagum e Ajagunã. Eram 3 Guerreiros que pertenciam aos exércitos de Oxalá, lutavam e venciam todas as guerras e batalhas em nome de Oxalá e eram os Guardiões deste Orixá. Eram chamados de os Guerreiros Brancos, por se vestirem somente com trajes brancos em homenagem a Oxalá... os 3 irmãos Guerreiros continuam nas batalhas, sempre guerreando pela Paz. Dando essa característica guerreira aos seus filhos.” Pelo exposto, percebe-se que a palavra jagunço é uma corruptela do nome Jagun (jagunço); e, que os seguidores de lampião possuíam as características guerreiras deste Orixá; por isso denominados jagunços. O termo "jagunço" sofreu algumas adequações: Jagunço como assassino. Capanga. Esse indivíduo arredio, pela sua simplicidade e falta de compromissos com a sociedade tornou-se presa fácil dos coronéis e governantes regionais para execução de crimes (ameaças, vinganças, desapropriações) por pequenas quantidades de dinheiro.Os cangaceiros de Lampião também foram chamados pela imprensa de Jagunços, mas não estavam ao serviço de coronéis. Agiam de forma livre, adequando-se mais à expressão "bandoleiros". No caso da Guerra de Canudos e da Guerra do Contestado, a imprensa e os fazendeiros, atribuíram o termo "jagunço" ao caboclo que se internou num reduto revoltoso, caboclo reduzido, que mora em reduto. (pt)
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