| rdfs:comment
| - Un iris shot és una tècnica emprada durant l'època de cinema mut. Es tractava d'un cercle negre utilitzat a l'hora de donar importància a un objecte o a un personatge dins el pla. Aquest recurs fou molt emprat durant el cinema mut, ja que aleshores la càmera era molt estàtica i els primers plans o els plans detalls eren poc comuns. L'iris shot doncs, era una manera de fer que l'espectador s'adonés d'elements del pla sense que el director hagués de moure la càmera per emprar un pla nou. Arrel del cinema mut, moltes pel·lícules posteriors van utilitzar aquest recurs. Hi ha dos tipus d'iris shot depenent de l´ús que se'n faci: l'iris out i l'iris in. (ca)
- Un iris shot es una técnica que se utilizaba frecuentemente en películas mudas en donde un círculo negro cierra para terminar una escena. Algunas comedias no mudas, como Rojo Skelton, Benny Cerro, y Warner Bros., o el Correcaminos, emplean esta técnica como un homenaje a la era del cine mudo. (es)
- An iris shot is a technique used in silent film and television sometimes to emphasize a detail of a scene above all others, more commonly to end or open a scene. The film camera's iris is slowly closed or opened, so that what is visible on film appears in a decreasing or increasing circle, surrounded by black. (en)
- L'effetto iride (in inglese: iris shot) è una tecnica di transizione fotografica usata frequentemente nel cinema muto, per cui un cerchio nero si apre o chiude per iniziare, o terminare, una scena concentrandosi su un preciso punto dell'inquadratura. In inglese viene detto iris out l'effetto utilizzato per chiudere una scena, e iris in quello all'inizio di una scena, spesso dopo un precedente iris out. Gli effetti iride vengono utilizzati per porre l'accento su un aspetto particolare del film, di solito un elemento drammaticamente importante. (it)
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| - Un iris shot és una tècnica emprada durant l'època de cinema mut. Es tractava d'un cercle negre utilitzat a l'hora de donar importància a un objecte o a un personatge dins el pla. Aquest recurs fou molt emprat durant el cinema mut, ja que aleshores la càmera era molt estàtica i els primers plans o els plans detalls eren poc comuns. L'iris shot doncs, era una manera de fer que l'espectador s'adonés d'elements del pla sense que el director hagués de moure la càmera per emprar un pla nou. Arrel del cinema mut, moltes pel·lícules posteriors van utilitzar aquest recurs. Hi ha dos tipus d'iris shot depenent de l´ús que se'n faci: l'iris out i l'iris in. (ca)
- Un iris shot es una técnica que se utilizaba frecuentemente en películas mudas en donde un círculo negro cierra para terminar una escena. Algunas comedias no mudas, como Rojo Skelton, Benny Cerro, y Warner Bros., o el Correcaminos, emplean esta técnica como un homenaje a la era del cine mudo. (es)
- An iris shot is a technique used in silent film and television sometimes to emphasize a detail of a scene above all others, more commonly to end or open a scene. The film camera's iris is slowly closed or opened, so that what is visible on film appears in a decreasing or increasing circle, surrounded by black. The iris shot used at the start of a scene is an iris in and an iris out is used at the end of a film/episode or a particular scene. Iris in is also used after a previous iris out to allow different episodes or scenes to begin in a more natural way. Iris shots are also used to put emphasis on a particular aspect of film, usually something of importance. After the silent film era, the technique became less used, and has mainly been used only for ironic or comedic effect. An example of non-ironic iris shot as part of the grammar of film is found in "Life Lessons", the Martin Scorsese-directed segment of New York Stories (Touchstone, 1989). Non-silent era slapstick and animation—such as that of Red Skelton, Benny Hill, and the Warner Bros. Road Runner cartoons—sometimes employ or emulate the iris shot as an homage to the silent film era. In Walt Disney cartoons, after the title card, they usually begin with an iris in and end with an iris out. In some cartoons and live-action films (and certain television shows like The King of Queens and Mike & Molly), iris shots are used as a way to break the fourth wall, usually for comedic purposes or to allow characters to interact with the audience (as opposed to a simple fade out or cut to black). Examples of this include characters trying to escape through the closing iris, addressing the audience with a one liner before the iris closes, or holding the iris open to try and continue a monologue. Mister Rogers' Neighborhood uses this technique at the beginning and end of the Neighborhood of Make Believe segments, usually when the Trolley goes through the tunnel on the left side of the Castle, and through the right side of Mister Rogers' house. Occasionally, graphic overlays are applied to an iris following it to achieve an effect like the iris tearing on the Sesame Street segment "Frazzle" (the ripped paper image) used for the 1997 home video release. In rare cases, the iris stays closed to a fixed point for the entire shot. This is mostly used to make the audience feel like they are in the film watching them, or hiding watching something that they probably should not. In The Truman Show (Paramount, 1998), for instance, shots are presented as from hidden cameras positioned in small objects such as buttons on shirts. In some cases, the iris shot is used partially to make a more modern use of it. An example is The Tom and Jerry Show. The 2014 show does not have an iris in but it has an iris out after the episode is over. This iris shot is seen twice on the show with the character Toodles requesting an iris out and when the characters discover they are on a live television set, the cue cards request an iris out. (en)
- L'effetto iride (in inglese: iris shot) è una tecnica di transizione fotografica usata frequentemente nel cinema muto, per cui un cerchio nero si apre o chiude per iniziare, o terminare, una scena concentrandosi su un preciso punto dell'inquadratura. In inglese viene detto iris out l'effetto utilizzato per chiudere una scena, e iris in quello all'inizio di una scena, spesso dopo un precedente iris out. Gli effetti iride vengono utilizzati per porre l'accento su un aspetto particolare del film, di solito un elemento drammaticamente importante. Benché particolarmente utilizzato in epoca muta, l'effetto è stato usato talvolta anche nel cinema sonoro, specialmente commedie e cartoni animati: a es. da comici come Red Skelton e Benny Hill, o nei cartoni della Warner Bros. (soprattutto Road Runner, impiega l'effetto iride come omaggio all'era del muto). Esso era usato anche nei primi cartoni Walt Disney, dopo l'intertitolo, che finivano pure con un'iride a uscire. (it)
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