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Intra-frame coding is a data compression technique used within a video frame, enabling smaller file sizes and lower bitrates, with little or no loss in quality. Since neighboring pixels within an image are often very similar, rather than storing each pixel independently, the frame image is divided into blocks and the typically minor difference between each pixel can be encoded using fewer bits. Inter frame has been specified by the CCITT in 1988–1990 by H.261 for the first time. H.261 was meant for teleconferencing and ISDN telephoning.

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  • Intra-Frame (de)
  • Intra-frame (es)
  • Intra-frame (it)
  • Intra-frame coding (en)
  • 인트라 프레임 부호화 (ko)
  • 幀內編碼 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • 인트라 프레임 부호화(intra-frame coding)는 동영상 부호화(압축)에 사용된다. ProRes(이 없는 코덱)와 비슷한 인트라 프레임 코덱의 일부이다. 인트라 프레임 예측은 효율적인 을 위해 이미 부호화된 화소로부터 보외법을 통해 예측값을 계산하여 공간 중복(예: 한 프레임 내의 화소 간 연관성)을 활용한다. 의 두 유형의 예측 부호화 방식 가운데 하나이다. 다른 하나는 시간 중복을 활용하는 인터 프레임 예측이다. 시간 독립 부호화를 의미하는 이른바 인트라 프레임은 인트라 부호화만을 사용한다. 시간 부호화 (예: MPEG의 P- 및 B-프레임)은 인트라 및 인터 프레임 예측을 모두 사용할 수 있다. (ko)
  • 高效率視訊編碼(HEVC)中的幀內編碼(英語:Intra Coding,又稱畫面內編碼)可以視為高階視訊編碼(Advanced Video Coding,H.264/AVC)的擴展,因為他們都是利用空間上的取樣預測來編碼,而高效率視訊編碼的幀內編碼包含以下基本元素: 1. * 基於四元樹(Quadtree)編碼結構 2. * 有33種預測方向的角度預測(Angular Prediction) 3. * 藉由平面預測(Planar Prediction)產生平滑的取樣面 4. * 參考取樣自適應的平滑性 5. * 過濾預測區塊邊界的樣本 6. * 依照預測模式的殘量轉換(Residual Transform)和係數掃描(Coefficient Scanning) 7. * 基於前後文資訊的幀內模式編碼 此外,高效率視訊編碼中的幀內編碼過程與幀間編碼共用部分的處理步驟,包含轉換(Transformation)、量化(Quantization)、熵編碼(Entropy Coding)、降低區塊的效應、取樣自適應偏移(Sample Adaptive Offset)。 (zh)
  • Ein Intra-Frame oder Schlüsselbild (englisch Intra Coded Frame, I-Frame bzw. Key frame) ist bei der Videokompression ein Einzelbild (frame), das unabhängig von anderen Einzelbildern dekodierbar ist. Bei der Inter-Frame-Kodierung werden mehrere Einzelbilder zu einer Bildergruppe (englisch Group of Pictures, GoP) zusammengefasst. Neben Intra-Frames gibt es , die sich auf benachbarte Frames beziehen. Es gibt zwei Arten von Inter-Frames, die P- und die B-Bilder. Inter-Frames sparen gegenüber Intra-Frames Speicherplatz, da durch das Referenzieren auf Bildbereiche anderer Frames keine direkten Bilddaten, sondern lediglich Referenzangaben und Bewegungsvektor gespeichert werden. (de)
  • En el contexto de la compresión de vídeo, Intra-frame hace referencia a la técnica de codificación que explota la redundancia espacial que existe en una imagen mediante un análisis frecuencial de la misma. La diferencia con la codificación inter-frame reside en que la compresión, ya sea con pérdidas o sin ellas, se va a efectuar con la información que contiene la imagen actual que se está procesando y no en relación con cualquier otra imagen de la secuencia de vídeo. La codificación intra-frame, conjuntamente con la inter-frame, genera las imágenes I, P y B que forman parte del grupo de imágenes (GOP). Las imágenes I o intra-frame, que son las generadas por dicha codificación, contienen principalmente los coeficientes transformados resultantes del proceso de la DCT y no necesitan de inform (es)
  • Intra-frame coding is a data compression technique used within a video frame, enabling smaller file sizes and lower bitrates, with little or no loss in quality. Since neighboring pixels within an image are often very similar, rather than storing each pixel independently, the frame image is divided into blocks and the typically minor difference between each pixel can be encoded using fewer bits. Inter frame has been specified by the CCITT in 1988–1990 by H.261 for the first time. H.261 was meant for teleconferencing and ISDN telephoning. (en)
  • L'intra-frame (letteralmente, "intra-fotogramma") è una tecnica utilizzata nella codifica video (compressione). È parte di un insieme agli . Il termine codifica intra-frame si riferisce al fatto che molte tecniche di compressione dati lossless (senza perdita dei dati) e lossy (con perdita dei dati) vengono eseguite solo rispetto al frame corrente (current frame) e non rispetto agli altri frame contenuti nella sequenza video. In altre parole nessuna elaborazione viene eseguita al di fuori dell'immagine o del frame corrente. Tutte le tecniche di codifica che non sono intra-frame sono estensioni di quest'ultima. Lo schema di codifica è molto simile a quello di un codificatore di immagini JPEG, con piccoli differenti dettagli di implementazione. (it)
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  • January 2022 (en)
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  • too much imagination required to resolve "this" (en)
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  • Ein Intra-Frame oder Schlüsselbild (englisch Intra Coded Frame, I-Frame bzw. Key frame) ist bei der Videokompression ein Einzelbild (frame), das unabhängig von anderen Einzelbildern dekodierbar ist. Bei der Inter-Frame-Kodierung werden mehrere Einzelbilder zu einer Bildergruppe (englisch Group of Pictures, GoP) zusammengefasst. Neben Intra-Frames gibt es , die sich auf benachbarte Frames beziehen. Es gibt zwei Arten von Inter-Frames, die P- und die B-Bilder. Inter-Frames sparen gegenüber Intra-Frames Speicherplatz, da durch das Referenzieren auf Bildbereiche anderer Frames keine direkten Bilddaten, sondern lediglich Referenzangaben und Bewegungsvektor gespeichert werden. Oft wird im kodierten Video zumindest eine Mindesthäufigkeit von Intra-Frames erzwungen, um die Menge beim wahlfreien Zugriff auf zu dekodierende Bilder (beispielsweise auch Einstieg in einen Stream) in einem sicheren Rahmen zu halten.Bei MPEG-1 und -2 gibt es typischerweise ein Intra-Bild pro halber Sekunde, bei MPEG-4 oft etwa alle zehn Sekunden eines. Ab H.264 kann eine Bildergruppe mehrere I-Bilder enthalten. Hauptsächlich für die Verwendung bei Video-Kameras gibt es Video-Codecs, die sich auf die Verwendung von Intra-Bildern beschränken: * Apple ProRes * AVC-Intra (Untermenge von H.264) * DVCAM * MiniDV * Motion JPEG Sie sind mit wenig Rechenaufwand kodierbar, in der Bildqualität unabhängig von Bildbewegung bei wahlfreiem Zugriff, benötigen aber vergleichsweise viel Speicherplatz, da keinerlei Rücksicht auf Ähnlichkeiten zu vorherigen bzw. nachfolgenden Frames genommen wird. Die Verwendung von neuronalen Netzen für die Intra-Frame Prediction ist ein Forschungsgebiet. (de)
  • En el contexto de la compresión de vídeo, Intra-frame hace referencia a la técnica de codificación que explota la redundancia espacial que existe en una imagen mediante un análisis frecuencial de la misma. La diferencia con la codificación inter-frame reside en que la compresión, ya sea con pérdidas o sin ellas, se va a efectuar con la información que contiene la imagen actual que se está procesando y no en relación con cualquier otra imagen de la secuencia de vídeo. La codificación intra-frame, conjuntamente con la inter-frame, genera las imágenes I, P y B que forman parte del grupo de imágenes (GOP). Las imágenes I o intra-frame, que son las generadas por dicha codificación, contienen principalmente los coeficientes transformados resultantes del proceso de la DCT y no necesitan de información adicional para ser decodificadas. Esto significa que requieren la codificación de gran cantidad de datos. (es)
  • Intra-frame coding is a data compression technique used within a video frame, enabling smaller file sizes and lower bitrates, with little or no loss in quality. Since neighboring pixels within an image are often very similar, rather than storing each pixel independently, the frame image is divided into blocks and the typically minor difference between each pixel can be encoded using fewer bits. Intra-frame prediction exploits spatial redundancy, i.e. correlation among pixels within one frame, by calculating prediction values through extrapolation from already coded pixels for effective delta coding. It is one of the two classes of predictive coding methods in video coding. Its counterpart is inter-frame prediction which exploits temporal redundancy. Temporally independently coded so-called intra frames use only intra coding. The temporally coded (e.g. MPEG's P- and B-frames) may use intra- as well as inter-frame prediction. Usually only few of the spatially closest known samples are used for the extrapolation. Formats that operate sample by sample like Portable Network Graphics (PNG) can usually use one of four adjacent pixels (above, above left, above right, left) or some function of them like e.g. their average. Block-based (frequency transform) formats prefill whole blocks with prediction values extrapolated from usually one or two straight lines of pixels that run along their top and left borders. The term intra-frame coding refers to the fact that the various lossless and lossy compression techniques are performed relative to information that is contained only within the current frame, and not relative to any other frame in the video sequence. In other words, no temporal processing is performed outside of the current picture or frame. Non-intra coding techniques are extensions to these basics. It turns out that this block diagram is very similar to that of a JPEG still image video encoder, with only slight implementation detail differences. Inter frame has been specified by the CCITT in 1988–1990 by H.261 for the first time. H.261 was meant for teleconferencing and ISDN telephoning. (en)
  • 인트라 프레임 부호화(intra-frame coding)는 동영상 부호화(압축)에 사용된다. ProRes(이 없는 코덱)와 비슷한 인트라 프레임 코덱의 일부이다. 인트라 프레임 예측은 효율적인 을 위해 이미 부호화된 화소로부터 보외법을 통해 예측값을 계산하여 공간 중복(예: 한 프레임 내의 화소 간 연관성)을 활용한다. 의 두 유형의 예측 부호화 방식 가운데 하나이다. 다른 하나는 시간 중복을 활용하는 인터 프레임 예측이다. 시간 독립 부호화를 의미하는 이른바 인트라 프레임은 인트라 부호화만을 사용한다. 시간 부호화 (예: MPEG의 P- 및 B-프레임)은 인트라 및 인터 프레임 예측을 모두 사용할 수 있다. (ko)
  • L'intra-frame (letteralmente, "intra-fotogramma") è una tecnica utilizzata nella codifica video (compressione). È parte di un insieme agli . Il termine codifica intra-frame si riferisce al fatto che molte tecniche di compressione dati lossless (senza perdita dei dati) e lossy (con perdita dei dati) vengono eseguite solo rispetto al frame corrente (current frame) e non rispetto agli altri frame contenuti nella sequenza video. In altre parole nessuna elaborazione viene eseguita al di fuori dell'immagine o del frame corrente. Tutte le tecniche di codifica che non sono intra-frame sono estensioni di quest'ultima. Lo schema di codifica è molto simile a quello di un codificatore di immagini JPEG, con piccoli differenti dettagli di implementazione. Le specifiche dell'inter-frame sono state pubblicate per la prima volta dal CCITT tra il 1988 e il 1990 in mezzo a quelle dell'H.261, pensato per conferenze e sistemi telefonici basati su reti ISDN. (it)
  • 高效率視訊編碼(HEVC)中的幀內編碼(英語:Intra Coding,又稱畫面內編碼)可以視為高階視訊編碼(Advanced Video Coding,H.264/AVC)的擴展,因為他們都是利用空間上的取樣預測來編碼,而高效率視訊編碼的幀內編碼包含以下基本元素: 1. * 基於四元樹(Quadtree)編碼結構 2. * 有33種預測方向的角度預測(Angular Prediction) 3. * 藉由平面預測(Planar Prediction)產生平滑的取樣面 4. * 參考取樣自適應的平滑性 5. * 過濾預測區塊邊界的樣本 6. * 依照預測模式的殘量轉換(Residual Transform)和係數掃描(Coefficient Scanning) 7. * 基於前後文資訊的幀內模式編碼 此外,高效率視訊編碼中的幀內編碼過程與幀間編碼共用部分的處理步驟,包含轉換(Transformation)、量化(Quantization)、熵編碼(Entropy Coding)、降低區塊的效應、取樣自適應偏移(Sample Adaptive Offset)。 (zh)
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