| rdfs:comment
| - Der Huexotzinco-Kodex ist ein Dokument aus Mittelamerika, das wörtliche Zeugenaussagen und begleitende bilderschriftliche Angaben über Tributzahlungen enthält. Das Dokument ist auf Amatl gemalt, einem Papier aus Rindenbast. Es wurde für einen Prozess angefertigt, den Hernán Cortés im Jahre 1531 gegen die Amtsträger der sogenannten Primera Audiencia geführt hat und in dem es um Einkünfte aus der Provinz von Huexotzinco gegangen war. Der Prozess war letztlich erfolgreich und zwei Drittel der überhöhten Abgaben wurden zurückerstattet. Die bilderschriftliche Abteilung des Dokuments enthält das früheste bekannte Marienbildnis aus Mexiko.Huexotzinco, modern Huejotzingo, ist eine Stadt im Bundesstaat Puebla, südöstlich von Mexiko-Stadt. (de)
- Кодекс Уешоцінко (Códice de Huexotzingo) — один з ацтекських кодексів, створених на мові науатль з піктографічними письменами. Створено близько 1531 року. Назву отримав на честь місто Уешоцінко. Натепер знаходиться у Бібліотеці Конгресу (Вашингтон, США). (uk)
- El còdex de Huexotzinco, còdex de Huexotzingo o còdex de Huejotzingo és un document de vuit fulls de paper amate fet a Mesoamèrica el 1531. Després de la conquesta, Huexotzinco va passar a formar part de les possessions de Cortés. Mentre aquest es trobava fora del país entre 1529 i 1530, els administradors colonials espanyols van imposar a la comunitat impostos excessius, en forma de béns i serveis. Quan Cortés va tornar, els nahuas es van unir amb ell en un cas legal contra els abusos dels administradors espanyols. (ca)
- El Códice de Huexotzingo, Códice de Huexotzinco o Códice de Huejotzingo es un documento de ocho hojas en papel amate hecho en Mesoamérica en 1531. Después de la conquista, Huexotzinco pasó a formar parte de las posesiones de Cortés. Mientras este se encontraba fuera del país entre 1529 y 1530, los administradores coloniales españoles impusieron a la comunidad impuestos excesivos, en forma de bienes y servicios. Cuando Cortés regresó, los nahuas se unieron a él en un caso legal contra los abusos de los administradores españoles. (es)
- The Huexotzinco Codex or Huejotzingo Codex is a colonial-era Nahua pictorial manuscript, collectively known as Aztec codices. The Huexotzinco Codex is an eight-sheet document on amatl, a pre-European paper made in Mesoamerica. It is part of the testimony in a legal case against members of the First Audiencia (high court) in Mexico, particularly its president, Nuño de Guzmán, ten years after the Spanish conquest in 1521. Huexotzinco, (Way-hoat-ZINC-o) is a town southeast of Mexico City, in the state of Puebla. In 1521, the Nahua Indian people of the town were the allies of the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés, and together they confronted their enemies to overcome Moctezuma, leader of the Aztec Empire. Cortés's indigenous allies from Tlaxcala were more successful than those Huejotzinco in tr (en)
- 『우에쇼친코서』(Huexotzinco Codex)는 식민지 시기 작성된 나우아틀어 그림책이다. 아마틀 종이 여덟 장으로 이루어져 있다. 멕시코 정복으로부터 10년이 흐른 1531년에 고소 증거용 자료로 작성된 것이다. 당시 멕시코시 남동쪽의 우에쇼친코라는 나와족 마을이 있었는데, 이 마을의 원주민들은 에르난 코르테스와 동맹관계였고 코르테스가 아스텍 제국을 무너뜨리는 데 협력했다. 아스텍 정복 이후 우에쇼친코는 코르테스의 엔코미엔다에 속하게 되었다. 코르테스가 1529년 에스파냐 본국에 소환되자 멕시코 심문원은 코르테스를 견제하기 위해 코르테스와 동맹관계였던 우에쇼친코 원주민들에게 과중한 세금을 물리는 등 괴롭혔다. 이듬해 멕시코로 돌아온 코르테스는 우에쇼친코 원주민들과 함께 심문원의 권력남용에 대한 고소장을 작성했다. 『우에쇼친코서』는 그 증거자료로서 작성된 것으로, 코르테스의 부재 중에 심문원장 이 원주민들을 어떻게 괴롭혔는지 그림을 곁들여 상세하게 설명하고 있다. (ko)
- De Codex van Huexotzinco is een acht pagina’s tellend document op amatl, een pre-Europees papier gemaakt in Meso-Amerika. Het is onderdeel van een verklaring in een rechtszaak tegen vertegenwoordigers van de koloniale regering in Mexico, tien jaar na de Spaanse verovering in 1521. Huexotzinco (uitspr: Weesjootsinko) is een stad ten zuidoosten van Mexico-Stad, in de staat Puebla. In 1521 waren de Nahua-indiaanen van de stad bondgenoten van de Spaanse veroveraar Hernán Cortés, en samen confronteerden zij hun vijanden om Moctezuma, leider van het Azteekse Rijk, te overwinnen. (nl)
|
| has abstract
| - El còdex de Huexotzinco, còdex de Huexotzingo o còdex de Huejotzingo és un document de vuit fulls de paper amate fet a Mesoamèrica el 1531. Després de la conquesta, Huexotzinco va passar a formar part de les possessions de Cortés. Mentre aquest es trobava fora del país entre 1529 i 1530, els administradors colonials espanyols van imposar a la comunitat impostos excessius, en forma de béns i serveis. Quan Cortés va tornar, els nahuas es van unir amb ell en un cas legal contra els abusos dels administradors espanyols. Els querellants van guanyar la demanda a Mèxic, i posteriorment a Espanya. L'expedient mostra (en un document descobert a les col·leccions de la Biblioteca del Congrés a Washington DC) que el 1538, Carlos I d'Espanya va estar d'acord amb la sentència contra els administradors espanyols i va dictaminar que dos terços de tots els impostos obtinguts dels pobladors de Huexotzinco els fossin retornats. (ca)
- El Códice de Huexotzingo, Códice de Huexotzinco o Códice de Huejotzingo es un documento de ocho hojas en papel amate hecho en Mesoamérica en 1531. Después de la conquista, Huexotzinco pasó a formar parte de las posesiones de Cortés. Mientras este se encontraba fuera del país entre 1529 y 1530, los administradores coloniales españoles impusieron a la comunidad impuestos excesivos, en forma de bienes y servicios. Cuando Cortés regresó, los nahuas se unieron a él en un caso legal contra los abusos de los administradores españoles. Los querellantes ganaron la demanda en México, y posteriormente en España. El expediente muestra (en un documento descubierto en las colecciones de la Biblioteca del Congreso en Washington DC) que en 1538, Carlos I de España estuvo de acuerdo con la sentencia contra los administradores españoles y dictaminó que dos tercios de todos los impuestos obtenidos de los pobladores de Huexotzinco les fueran devueltos. (es)
- Der Huexotzinco-Kodex ist ein Dokument aus Mittelamerika, das wörtliche Zeugenaussagen und begleitende bilderschriftliche Angaben über Tributzahlungen enthält. Das Dokument ist auf Amatl gemalt, einem Papier aus Rindenbast. Es wurde für einen Prozess angefertigt, den Hernán Cortés im Jahre 1531 gegen die Amtsträger der sogenannten Primera Audiencia geführt hat und in dem es um Einkünfte aus der Provinz von Huexotzinco gegangen war. Der Prozess war letztlich erfolgreich und zwei Drittel der überhöhten Abgaben wurden zurückerstattet. Die bilderschriftliche Abteilung des Dokuments enthält das früheste bekannte Marienbildnis aus Mexiko.Huexotzinco, modern Huejotzingo, ist eine Stadt im Bundesstaat Puebla, südöstlich von Mexiko-Stadt. (de)
- The Huexotzinco Codex or Huejotzingo Codex is a colonial-era Nahua pictorial manuscript, collectively known as Aztec codices. The Huexotzinco Codex is an eight-sheet document on amatl, a pre-European paper made in Mesoamerica. It is part of the testimony in a legal case against members of the First Audiencia (high court) in Mexico, particularly its president, Nuño de Guzmán, ten years after the Spanish conquest in 1521. Huexotzinco, (Way-hoat-ZINC-o) is a town southeast of Mexico City, in the state of Puebla. In 1521, the Nahua Indian people of the town were the allies of the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés, and together they confronted their enemies to overcome Moctezuma, leader of the Aztec Empire. Cortés's indigenous allies from Tlaxcala were more successful than those Huejotzinco in translating that alliance into privileges in the colonial era and the Huejotzincan's petitioned the crown for such privileges. A 1560 petition to the crown in Nahuatl outlines their participation. After the conquest, the Huexotzinco peoples became part of Cortés's encomienda holdings. While Cortés was out of Mexico from 1529 to 1530, the First Audiencia sought to strip Cortés of his intervened in the daily activities of the community and forced the Nahuas to pay excessive taxes in the form of goods and services. When Cortés returned, the Nahuas of Huejotzinco joined him in a legal case against the abuses of the First Audiencia. The Huexotzinco Codex has testimony enumerating the abuses by Nuño de Guzmán when he took over the encomienda in the name of the crown. Indigenous supporting Cortés's lawsuit claimed that Guzmán extracted large amounts of tributes from the town, but also that they were compelled to serve Guzmán as he went to war. Several indigenous witnesses testified to the fact that the lord of Huextzinco was compelled to participate, but that until a horse was procured for him he refused to serve. At this time horses were very expensive, since they were not native to the New World and at the end of the 1520s likely there were few born locally. The horse, according to the testimony of one Esteban, previously named Tochel (or Tochtli, "rabbit"), cost "twenty-one small gold ingots." Esteban also says that for the 600 men outfitted for war, the cost was 27,000 pieces of cloth. Of particular interest on the Huexotzinco Codex is the image of the Virgin Mary, one of the earliest indigenous depictions. The Indians' testimony was rendered in Nahuatl and translated to Spanish for the lawsuit. Their statements indicate that the Madonna image in the codex shows the banner that Guzmán demanded as a standard for the campaign to conquer what became New Galicia. Made of gold and richly decorated with feathers, the Huexotzincans had to sell twenty slaves to indigenous merchants and received in payment three gold ingots and nine long feathers (likely quetzal feathers, highly prized by the Indians). According to the testimony of one Lucas, formerly known as Tamavaltetle, an indigenous lord of Huexotzinco, the image of the Virgin was "broad and as long as more than half an arm." Scholars have analyzed the codex and described what each stylized glyph means. On the page with the image of the banner of the Virgin Mary (shown in the illustration to this article), the decipherments indicate the costs of the banner and the goods rendered for the campaign. On the top left, the pot at the top of a bundle of reeds is 400 pots of liquidamber. Next to it with a bundle of reeds and a divided rectangle is the depiction of "400 small [cotton] mantles to purchase food en route." The four reed bundles and 10 small squares depict 1,600 pairs of sandals for the warriors in Guzmán's campaign. The flag or banner is for the Huexotzincan lord, Don Tomé to carry, which cost "10 loeads of small mantles at 20 per load." The three discs are "fine gold plaques used in the standard of the Madonna." The nine flags with the stylized feathers depict nine bundles of quetzal feathers, each containing 20 feathers at a "cost of 9 loads of 20 mantles each." The image of the Virgin Mary was the standard for Guzmán, "(About 16" x 16", gold leaf, One of the earliest native productions related to Catholicism.)" To the left of the Madonna banner are 10 bundles of 400 darts, i.e., 4,000 metal tipped darts for the campaign. The discs to the right of the image of the Madonna depict were the gold or silver to purchase the horse for Don Tomé, a lord of Huexotzinco. On the next line down, the 10 stylized flags depict 200 loads of loincloths for the warriors. The 8 men on that same line are the male slaves sold to Indian merchants for the gold for the Madonna standard. At the bottom of the page, the three stylized flages with large rectangles at their tops are 60 leather covered chests. There are two groups of 6 women, dressed distinctively, which are the female slaves "sold to pay for the gold for the Madonna banner." Although the plaintiffs were initially successful in their suit in Mexico, it was appealed to the Council of the Indies in Spain; the final outcome of the lawsuit is not known. Only the testimony from the plaintiffs is preserved in this collection, but nonethess the material is important historical documentation. The record shows [in a document uncovered in the collections of the Library of Congress] that in 1538, Charles I of Spain agreed with the judgement against the Spanish administrators and ruled that two-thirds of all tributes taken from the people of Huexotzinco be returned. "Until 1925, the 1531 Huejotzingo Codex was part of the private archive belonging to the descendants of Cortés (the Italian dukes of Monteleone)." Edward Harkness purchased the codex from a dealer, A.S.W. Rosenbach, and "presented it to the Library of Congress in 1928–29." (en)
- 『우에쇼친코서』(Huexotzinco Codex)는 식민지 시기 작성된 나우아틀어 그림책이다. 아마틀 종이 여덟 장으로 이루어져 있다. 멕시코 정복으로부터 10년이 흐른 1531년에 고소 증거용 자료로 작성된 것이다. 당시 멕시코시 남동쪽의 우에쇼친코라는 나와족 마을이 있었는데, 이 마을의 원주민들은 에르난 코르테스와 동맹관계였고 코르테스가 아스텍 제국을 무너뜨리는 데 협력했다. 아스텍 정복 이후 우에쇼친코는 코르테스의 엔코미엔다에 속하게 되었다. 코르테스가 1529년 에스파냐 본국에 소환되자 멕시코 심문원은 코르테스를 견제하기 위해 코르테스와 동맹관계였던 우에쇼친코 원주민들에게 과중한 세금을 물리는 등 괴롭혔다. 이듬해 멕시코로 돌아온 코르테스는 우에쇼친코 원주민들과 함께 심문원의 권력남용에 대한 고소장을 작성했다. 『우에쇼친코서』는 그 증거자료로서 작성된 것으로, 코르테스의 부재 중에 심문원장 이 원주민들을 어떻게 괴롭혔는지 그림을 곁들여 상세하게 설명하고 있다. 코르테스와 우에쇼친코 원주민들의 소송은 멕시코에서는 승소했으나, 곧 에스파냐 본국의 에 항고되었다. 항고심 결과가 어찌했는지는 이 문서만으로는 알 수 없다. 이후 의회도서관에서 발견된 문서에 따르면 에스파냐 국왕 카를로스 1세는 멕시코 심문원의 에스파냐인들에게 우에쇼친코 원주민들에게서 거둔 세금의 3분의 2를 돌려주라는 판결을 내렸다고 한다. (ko)
- De Codex van Huexotzinco is een acht pagina’s tellend document op amatl, een pre-Europees papier gemaakt in Meso-Amerika. Het is onderdeel van een verklaring in een rechtszaak tegen vertegenwoordigers van de koloniale regering in Mexico, tien jaar na de Spaanse verovering in 1521. Huexotzinco (uitspr: Weesjootsinko) is een stad ten zuidoosten van Mexico-Stad, in de staat Puebla. In 1521 waren de Nahua-indiaanen van de stad bondgenoten van de Spaanse veroveraar Hernán Cortés, en samen confronteerden zij hun vijanden om Moctezuma, leider van het Azteekse Rijk, te overwinnen. Na de verovering werden de inwoners van Huexotzinco onderdeel van Cortés' landgoederen. Terwijl Cortés van 1529 tot 1530 in het buitenland was, bemoeiden Spaanse koloniale beheerders zich met de dagelijkse gang van zaken en dwongen de Nahua om buitengewone hoge belastingen te betalen in de vorm van goederen en diensten. Toen Cortés terugkwam, voegden de Nahua zich bij hem samen in een rechtszaak tegen het misbruik door de Spaanse beheerders. De eisers waren succesvol in hun zaak tegen Mexico, ook toen deze later opnieuw diende in Spanje. Het verslag in een document in de collecties van de Library of Congress toont dat in 1538 koning Karel I van Spanje akkoord ging met het vonnis tegen de Spaanse beheerders en besliste dat twee derde van alle zaken die van de bewoners waren afgenomen teruggegeven moesten worden. (nl)
- Кодекс Уешоцінко (Códice de Huexotzingo) — один з ацтекських кодексів, створених на мові науатль з піктографічними письменами. Створено близько 1531 року. Назву отримав на честь місто Уешоцінко. Натепер знаходиться у Бібліотеці Конгресу (Вашингтон, США). (uk)
|
![[RDF Data]](/fct/images/sw-rdf-blue.png)
![[cxml]](/fct/images/cxml_doc.png)
![[csv]](/fct/images/csv_doc.png)
![[text]](/fct/images/ntriples_doc.png)
![[turtle]](/fct/images/n3turtle_doc.png)
![[ld+json]](/fct/images/jsonld_doc.png)
![[rdf+json]](/fct/images/json_doc.png)
![[rdf+xml]](/fct/images/xml_doc.png)
![[atom+xml]](/fct/images/atom_doc.png)
![[html]](/fct/images/html_doc.png)
