Hollow Atoms (discovered in 1990 by a French team of researchers around Jean-Pierre Briand) are short-lived multiply excited neutral atoms which carry a large part of their Z electrons (Z ... projectile nuclear charge) in high-n levels while inner shells remain (transiently) empty. The hollow atoms are exotic atomic species whose all, or most, electrons lie in excited states, while the innermost shells are empty. These atomic species were first observed during the interaction of highly charged ions with surfaces. population inversion arises for typically 100 femtoseconds during the interaction of a slow highly charged ion (HCI) with a solid surface. Despite this limited lifetime, the formation and decay of a hollow atom can be conveniently studied from ejected electrons and soft X-rays, an
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| - Hollow atoms (en)
- 中空原子 (ja)
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| - 中空原子（ちゅうくうげんし、hollow atom）とは、K殻などのの軌道に電子がない原子である。中空原子は、高度に電離したを固体表面に入射したときに、表面からイオンへ共鳴することにより、反転分布を伴う多電子励起状態として生成される。しかし、入射イオンは（）によって表面へ加速されるため、生成した中空原子は表面との衝突で壊れてしまい、寿命は短い。中空原子は、エネルギー準位がの中にあるため状態であり、により電子を放出しながら、低いエネルギー準位へと遷移していく。電子相関の強い系であり、多くの研究がなされている。 (ja)
- Hollow Atoms (discovered in 1990 by a French team of researchers around Jean-Pierre Briand) are short-lived multiply excited neutral atoms which carry a large part of their Z electrons (Z ... projectile nuclear charge) in high-n levels while inner shells remain (transiently) empty. The hollow atoms are exotic atomic species whose all, or most, electrons lie in excited states, while the innermost shells are empty. These atomic species were first observed during the interaction of highly charged ions with surfaces. population inversion arises for typically 100 femtoseconds during the interaction of a slow highly charged ion (HCI) with a solid surface. Despite this limited lifetime, the formation and decay of a hollow atom can be conveniently studied from ejected electrons and soft X-rays, an (en)
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| - Hollow Atoms (discovered in 1990 by a French team of researchers around Jean-Pierre Briand) are short-lived multiply excited neutral atoms which carry a large part of their Z electrons (Z ... projectile nuclear charge) in high-n levels while inner shells remain (transiently) empty. The hollow atoms are exotic atomic species whose all, or most, electrons lie in excited states, while the innermost shells are empty. These atomic species were first observed during the interaction of highly charged ions with surfaces. population inversion arises for typically 100 femtoseconds during the interaction of a slow highly charged ion (HCI) with a solid surface. Despite this limited lifetime, the formation and decay of a hollow atom can be conveniently studied from ejected electrons and soft X-rays, and the trajectories, energy loss and final charge state distribution of surface-scattered projectiles. For impact on insulator surfaces the potential energy contained by hollow atom may also cause the release of target atoms and -ions via potential sputtering and the formation of nanostructures on a surface. (en)
- 中空原子（ちゅうくうげんし、hollow atom）とは、K殻などのの軌道に電子がない原子である。中空原子は、高度に電離したを固体表面に入射したときに、表面からイオンへ共鳴することにより、反転分布を伴う多電子励起状態として生成される。しかし、入射イオンは（）によって表面へ加速されるため、生成した中空原子は表面との衝突で壊れてしまい、寿命は短い。中空原子は、エネルギー準位がの中にあるため状態であり、により電子を放出しながら、低いエネルギー準位へと遷移していく。電子相関の強い系であり、多くの研究がなされている。 (ja)
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