The name National Health Service (NHS) is used to refer to the free public health services of England, Scotland and Wales, individually or collectively. Northern Ireland’s services are known as 'Health and Social Care' to promote its dual integration of health and social services. For details of the history of each National Health Service, particularly since 1999, see: * History of the National Health Service (England) * History of NHS Scotland * History of NHS Wales * History of Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland — Central Office of Information, for the Ministry of Health