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The history of smallpox extends into pre-history. Genetic evidence suggests that the smallpox virus emerged 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Prior to that, similar ancestral viruses circulated, but possibly only in other mammals, and possibly with different symptoms. Only a few written reports dating from about 500 AD to 1000 AD are considered reliable historical descriptions of smallpox, so understanding of the disease prior to that has relied on genetics and archaeology. However, during the 2nd millennium AD, especially starting in the 16th century, reliable written reports become more common. The earliest physical evidence of smallpox is found in the Egyptian mummies of people who died some 3,000 years ago. Smallpox has had a major impact on world history, not least because indigenous populati

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  • تاريخ الجدري (ar)
  • History of smallpox (en)
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  • يمتد تاريخ الجدري إلى عصر ما قبل التاريخ، ويُرجح ظهور المرض بين البشر سنة 10000 قبل الميلاد. عُثر على أقرب دليل موثوق على الجدري في المومياوات المصرية لأشخاص ماتوا منذ نحو 3000 عام. كان للجدري تأثير كبير على تاريخ العالم، لأسباب أبرزها انخفاض أعداد السكان الأصليين في المناطق التي لم يكن فيها الجدري محليًا، مثل الأمريكتين وأستراليا، بسرعة وبصورة كبيرة بسبب هذا المرض (بالإضافة إلى الأمراض الأخرى المنتشرة) خلال الفترات الأولى من الاحتكاك بالأجانب، ما مهد الطريق للغزو والاستعمار. في القرن الثامن عشر، قتل المرض نحو 400000 أوروبي كل عام، بما في ذلك خمسة ملوك، وكان مسؤولاً عن ثلث حالات العمى. توفي نحو 20–60% من جميع المصابين –وأكثر من 80% من الأطفال المصابين– جراء هذا المرض. (ar)
  • The history of smallpox extends into pre-history. Genetic evidence suggests that the smallpox virus emerged 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Prior to that, similar ancestral viruses circulated, but possibly only in other mammals, and possibly with different symptoms. Only a few written reports dating from about 500 AD to 1000 AD are considered reliable historical descriptions of smallpox, so understanding of the disease prior to that has relied on genetics and archaeology. However, during the 2nd millennium AD, especially starting in the 16th century, reliable written reports become more common. The earliest physical evidence of smallpox is found in the Egyptian mummies of people who died some 3,000 years ago. Smallpox has had a major impact on world history, not least because indigenous populati (en)
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