has abstract
| - The history of African-Americans in Omaha in the 19th Century begins with "York", a slave belonging to William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition who came through the area in 1804, before the city existed. African-Americans have lived in the Omaha area since at least 1819, when fur traders lived in the area. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), many blacks moved to the city. They joined together, forming numerous black churches and black social and political organizations. Father John Albert Williams moved to Omaha in 1891 and became a fixture in black religious life. Omaha also produced Nebraska's first two black school teachers, Lucy Gamble and Eula Overall. Three black newspapers were formed in the city in the last part of the century. They were founded by George F. Franklin, Thomas P. Mahammitt, and Ferdinand L. Barnett respectively. Many Omahans participated in the founding of the National Afro-American League in 1890. African-Americans also played a prominent role in the 1898 Trans-Mississippi Exposition. The city produced some of Nebraska's most politically active African-Americans, producing nominees to stand as candidates for state legislature. The earliest such candidate stood for office in 1880. In 1890, Edwin R. Overall was accepted by a party to stand as a candidate for the legislature. Nebraska's first black state legislator, Matthew Ricketts was finally elected in 1892. Before Omaha's African-American residents gathered in North Omaha, they lived dispersed throughout the city. In the 1860s, the U.S. Census showed 81 "Negroes" in Nebraska, ten of whom were slaves. By 1880 there were nearly 800 black residents, many recruited by Union Pacific Railroad as strikebreakers. By 1884 there three black churches had been founded. By 1900 there were 3,443 black residents, in a total city population of 102,555. (en)
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