A glacial refugium (plural refugia) is a geographic region which made possible the survival of flora and fauna in times of ice ages and allowed for post-glacial re-colonization. Different types of glacial refugia can be distinguished, namely nunatak, peripheral and lowland refugia. Glacial refugia have been suggested as a major cause of the patterns of distributions of flora and fauna in both temperate and tropical latitudes. However, in spite of the continuing use of historical refugia to explain modern-day species distributions, especially in birds, doubt has been cast on the validity of such inferences, as much of the differentiation between populations observed today may have occurred before or after their restriction to refugia.
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| - Glazialrefugium (de)
- Glacial refugium (en)
- Refuge glaciaire (fr)
- Refugium glaciale (it)
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| - A glacial refugium (plural refugia) is a geographic region which made possible the survival of flora and fauna in times of ice ages and allowed for post-glacial re-colonization. Different types of glacial refugia can be distinguished, namely nunatak, peripheral and lowland refugia. Glacial refugia have been suggested as a major cause of the patterns of distributions of flora and fauna in both temperate and tropical latitudes. However, in spite of the continuing use of historical refugia to explain modern-day species distributions, especially in birds, doubt has been cast on the validity of such inferences, as much of the differentiation between populations observed today may have occurred before or after their restriction to refugia. (en)
- En paléoécologie, un refuge glaciaire ou une zone refuge est un lieu où diverses espèces ont pu survivre durant les périodes glaciaires. En zone tempérée, les refuges glaciaires ont longtemps été considérés comme les zones actuelles les plus riches en biodiversité intraspécifique, mais ce n'est pas le cas. Les études de variation de l'ADN chloroplastique de 22 arbres et arbustes européenne échantillonnés dans les mêmes forêts ont montré que la plupart de ces espèces ont des populations génétiquement divergentes dans les régions méditerranéennes, notamment celles à faibles capacités de dispersion des graines. Cependant, les populations génétiquement les plus diverses ne sont pas situées dans le sud, mais à des latitudes intermédiaires. On suppose que c'est une conséquence probable du croise (fr)
- Un refugium glaciale (plurale refugia glaciali) è una regione geografica che rese possibile la sopravvivenza di flora e fauna nei periodi delle ere glaciali e consentì una ricolonizzazione postglaciale. Possono distinguersi diversi tipi di refugia glaciali, ossia refugia di nunatak, periferici e di bassopiano. I refugia glaciali sono stati suggeriti come una delle principali cause delle distribuzioni di flora e fauna sia alle latitudini temperate che a quelle tropicali. Tuttavia, malgrado l'uso continuo dei refugia storici per spiegare l'odierna distribuzione delle specie, specialmente tra gli uccelli, sono stati avanzati dubbi sulla validità di tali deduzioni, in quanto gran parte della differenziazione tra le popolazioni osservata oggi può essere accaduta prima o dopo la loro restrizione (it)
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| - A glacial refugium (plural refugia) is a geographic region which made possible the survival of flora and fauna in times of ice ages and allowed for post-glacial re-colonization. Different types of glacial refugia can be distinguished, namely nunatak, peripheral and lowland refugia. Glacial refugia have been suggested as a major cause of the patterns of distributions of flora and fauna in both temperate and tropical latitudes. However, in spite of the continuing use of historical refugia to explain modern-day species distributions, especially in birds, doubt has been cast on the validity of such inferences, as much of the differentiation between populations observed today may have occurred before or after their restriction to refugia. (en)
- En paléoécologie, un refuge glaciaire ou une zone refuge est un lieu où diverses espèces ont pu survivre durant les périodes glaciaires. En zone tempérée, les refuges glaciaires ont longtemps été considérés comme les zones actuelles les plus riches en biodiversité intraspécifique, mais ce n'est pas le cas. Les études de variation de l'ADN chloroplastique de 22 arbres et arbustes européenne échantillonnés dans les mêmes forêts ont montré que la plupart de ces espèces ont des populations génétiquement divergentes dans les régions méditerranéennes, notamment celles à faibles capacités de dispersion des graines. Cependant, les populations génétiquement les plus diverses ne sont pas situées dans le sud, mais à des latitudes intermédiaires. On suppose que c'est une conséquence probable du croisement de lignées divergentes ayant colonisé les espaces rendus disponible à chaque recul des vagues glaciaires à partir de différents refuges. Certains animaux transportant des graines (geais, écureuils, etc.) ont sans doute aussi joué un rôle en tant que disperseurs. Selon les données palynologiques disponibles, lors de la dernière glaciation les 3 principaux refuges primaires européens ont été les péninsules ibérique, italienne et balkanique, les espèces se repliant aussi dans des refuges secondaires (côtes, vallées côtières, falaises de moyenne montagne bien exposées). (fr)
- Un refugium glaciale (plurale refugia glaciali) è una regione geografica che rese possibile la sopravvivenza di flora e fauna nei periodi delle ere glaciali e consentì una ricolonizzazione postglaciale. Possono distinguersi diversi tipi di refugia glaciali, ossia refugia di nunatak, periferici e di bassopiano. I refugia glaciali sono stati suggeriti come una delle principali cause delle distribuzioni di flora e fauna sia alle latitudini temperate che a quelle tropicali. Tuttavia, malgrado l'uso continuo dei refugia storici per spiegare l'odierna distribuzione delle specie, specialmente tra gli uccelli, sono stati avanzati dubbi sulla validità di tali deduzioni, in quanto gran parte della differenziazione tra le popolazioni osservata oggi può essere accaduta prima o dopo la loro restrizione nei refugia. (it)
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