The Girdler sulfide (GS) process, also known as the Geib–Spevack (GS) process, is an industrial production method for filtering out of natural water the heavy water (deuterium oxide = D2O) which is used in particle research, in deuterium NMR spectroscopy, deuterated solvents for proton NMR spectroscopy, in heavy water nuclear reactors (as a coolant and moderator) and in deuterated drugs. Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack independently, and in parallel, invented the process in 1943 and its name derives from the Girdler company, which built the first American plant using the process.
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| - Girdler-Sulfid-Prozess (de)
- Método de Geib-Spevack (es)
- Procédé de Girdler (fr)
- Girdler sulfide process (en)
- Processo del solfuro di Girdler (it)
- Girdlersulfideproces (nl)
- Processo de Geib-Spevack (pt)
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| - Der Girdler-Sulfid-Prozess dient der Anreicherung von normalem („leichten“) zu „schwerem“ Wasser. Er ist nach dem ersten industriellen Anwender, der Girdler-Company, benannt,, wird aber auch als Geib-Spevack-Prozess bezeichnet nach und Jerome S. Spevack, die unabhängig voneinander beide Anfang der 1940er-Jahre das Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Schwerem Wasser erfunden haben. (de)
- El método de Geib-Spevack (GS), también conocido como el proceso del sulfuro de Girdler (GS), es un proceso para la obtención de agua pesada (óxido de deuterio), en cantidades industriales. Se emplea en grandes cantidades en ciertos tipos de reactor nuclear, ya que un componente importante al actuar como moderador nuclear. (es)
- Le procédé de Girdler (en anglais : Girdler sulfide (GS) process) est une méthode de production industrielle d'eau lourde (oxyde de deutérium), un élément important pour les réacteurs nucléaires, car il agit comme un modérateur de neutron. (fr)
- Il processo del solfuro di Girdler è un metodo usato industrialmente per la produzione dell'acqua pesante (ossido di deuterio).Questo metodo si basa su uno scambio isotopico tra l'acido solfidrico e l'acqua e utilizza per le sue numerose fasi, una grande quantità di energia. Il metodo sviluppato per la produzione dell'acqua pesante è dovuto a Karl-Hermann Geib e Jerome S.Spevack e la Girdler fu la società che costruì il primo impianto di produzione. (it)
- The Girdler sulfide (GS) process, also known as the Geib–Spevack (GS) process, is an industrial production method for filtering out of natural water the heavy water (deuterium oxide = D2O) which is used in particle research, in deuterium NMR spectroscopy, deuterated solvents for proton NMR spectroscopy, in heavy water nuclear reactors (as a coolant and moderator) and in deuterated drugs. Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack independently, and in parallel, invented the process in 1943 and its name derives from the Girdler company, which built the first American plant using the process. (en)
- Het Girdlersulfideproces, ook bekend als het Geib-Spevackproces of GS-proces, is een industriële productiemethode voor het maken van zwaar water (deuteriumoxide). Zwaar water is een belangrijk onderdeel van kernreactoren zoals de CANDU-reactor, omdat het fungeert als een neutronenvertrager of moderator. Het proces dankt zijn naam aan en , die onafhankelijk van elkaar dit proces uitvonden in het begin van 1940, en het bedrijf Girdler, dat de eerste Amerikaanse fabriek met behulp van dit proces realiseerde. De methode is een isotropische uitwisseling tussen H2S en H2O ("licht" water), dat zwaar water produceert na verschillende cascadestappen. (nl)
- O Processo de Geib-Spevack, também conhecido como Processo de Sulfeto de Girdler, é um método de produção industrial para filtração de água natural em água pesada (óxido de deutério = D20) usado na procura de partículas, no espectroscópio de deutério NMR, em solventes deutéricos para prótons no espectroscópio NMR, em reatores nucleares com água pesada (como resfriadores e moderadores) e em drogas deuteradas, na indústria farmacêutica. (pt)
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| - Der Girdler-Sulfid-Prozess dient der Anreicherung von normalem („leichten“) zu „schwerem“ Wasser. Er ist nach dem ersten industriellen Anwender, der Girdler-Company, benannt,, wird aber auch als Geib-Spevack-Prozess bezeichnet nach und Jerome S. Spevack, die unabhängig voneinander beide Anfang der 1940er-Jahre das Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Schwerem Wasser erfunden haben. (de)
- El método de Geib-Spevack (GS), también conocido como el proceso del sulfuro de Girdler (GS), es un proceso para la obtención de agua pesada (óxido de deuterio), en cantidades industriales. Se emplea en grandes cantidades en ciertos tipos de reactor nuclear, ya que un componente importante al actuar como moderador nuclear. (es)
- The Girdler sulfide (GS) process, also known as the Geib–Spevack (GS) process, is an industrial production method for filtering out of natural water the heavy water (deuterium oxide = D2O) which is used in particle research, in deuterium NMR spectroscopy, deuterated solvents for proton NMR spectroscopy, in heavy water nuclear reactors (as a coolant and moderator) and in deuterated drugs. Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack independently, and in parallel, invented the process in 1943 and its name derives from the Girdler company, which built the first American plant using the process. The method is an isotopic exchange process between H2S and H2O ("light" water), that produces heavy water over several steps. It is a highly energy intensive process. Until its closure in 1997, the Bruce Heavy Water Plant in Ontario (located on the same site as Douglas Point and the Bruce Nuclear Generating Station) was the world's largest heavy water production plant, with a peak capacity of 1600 tonnes per year (800 tonnes per year per full plant, two fully operational plants at its peak). It used the Girdler sulfide process to produce heavy water, and required by mass 340000 units of feed water to produce 1 unit of heavy water. The first such facility of India's Heavy Water Board to use the Girdler process is at Rawatbhata near Kota, Rajasthan. This was followed by a larger plant at Manuguru, Andhra Pradesh. Other plants exist in the United States and Romania for example. Romania, India and the former supplier of much of the world's heavy water demand Canada all have operating heavy water reactors with two at Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant in Romania making up the country's entire fleet and several each in India (mostly IPHWR) and Canada (exclusively CANDU). (en)
- Le procédé de Girdler (en anglais : Girdler sulfide (GS) process) est une méthode de production industrielle d'eau lourde (oxyde de deutérium), un élément important pour les réacteurs nucléaires, car il agit comme un modérateur de neutron. (fr)
- Het Girdlersulfideproces, ook bekend als het Geib-Spevackproces of GS-proces, is een industriële productiemethode voor het maken van zwaar water (deuteriumoxide). Zwaar water is een belangrijk onderdeel van kernreactoren zoals de CANDU-reactor, omdat het fungeert als een neutronenvertrager of moderator. Het proces dankt zijn naam aan en , die onafhankelijk van elkaar dit proces uitvonden in het begin van 1940, en het bedrijf Girdler, dat de eerste Amerikaanse fabriek met behulp van dit proces realiseerde. De methode is een isotropische uitwisseling tussen H2S en H2O ("licht" water), dat zwaar water produceert na verschillende cascadestappen. Het is een zeer energie-intensief proces. Gewoon water bevat 155 delen deuterium tegen een miljoen delen waterstof. Tot de sluiting in 1997 was de Bruce Zwaar Waterfabriek in Ontario 's werelds grootste installatie voor de productie van zwaar water, met een capaciteit van 700 ton per jaar. Ze gebruikte het Girdlersulfideproces en vereiste 340 000 ton voedingswater om één ton zwaar water te produceren. India heeft zeven fabrieken voor de productie van zwaar water. De eerste die gebruikmaakt van het Girdlerproces ligt bij , Rajasthan. (nl)
- Il processo del solfuro di Girdler è un metodo usato industrialmente per la produzione dell'acqua pesante (ossido di deuterio).Questo metodo si basa su uno scambio isotopico tra l'acido solfidrico e l'acqua e utilizza per le sue numerose fasi, una grande quantità di energia. Il metodo sviluppato per la produzione dell'acqua pesante è dovuto a Karl-Hermann Geib e Jerome S.Spevack e la Girdler fu la società che costruì il primo impianto di produzione. (it)
- O Processo de Geib-Spevack, também conhecido como Processo de Sulfeto de Girdler, é um método de produção industrial para filtração de água natural em água pesada (óxido de deutério = D20) usado na procura de partículas, no espectroscópio de deutério NMR, em solventes deutéricos para prótons no espectroscópio NMR, em reatores nucleares com água pesada (como resfriadores e moderadores) e em drogas deuteradas, na indústria farmacêutica. Karl-Hermann Geib e Jerome S. Spevack independentemente e em paralelo, inventaram o processo em 1943 e o nome deriva das companhias Girdler, que construiu a primeira estação usando o processo. O método é um processo de troca de isótopos entre H₂S e H₂O (água natural), que produz água pesada em alguns passos. É um processo intensamente energético. Água do mar contem 180 ppm de D2O. Até seu fechamento, em 1997, Bruce Heavy Water Plant em Ontário (localizado no mesmo local que Douglas Point e o Bruce Nuclear Generating Station) era o maior produtor de água pesada do mundo, com um pico de capacidade de 1600 tonéis por ano (800 tonéis por ano por estação completa, com duas estações operacionais no seu pico). O processo de Geib-Spevack é usado para produzir água pesada e requer 340000 toneladas de água para produzir 1 tonelada de água pesada. Na Índia a primeira estação a usar o processo de Geib-Spevack foi em Rawatbhata near Kota, Rajasthan pela Heavy Water Board. Que logo foi seguido pela maior estação em Manuguru, Andhra Pradesh. Outras estações existem nos Estados Unidos e na Romênia. (pt)
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