| rdfs:comment
| - Gihanga (Twórca, Wynalazca) – pierwszy, historyczny władca (mwami) Rwandy. Według panował w latach 1091-1124. W tradycji ustnej otwiera listę jedenastu monarchów nazywanych Abami b'umuszumi (Królowie pasa). Zjednoczył pod swoim panowaniem liczne drobne państewka. Nie jest jednak pewne, czy udało mu się scalić wszystkie ziemie rwandyjskie. Po śmierci Gihangi państwo podzielili między siebie jego synowie. (pl)
- Гиханга («Творец», «Основатель») — культурный герой Руанды, описанный в фольклоре как древний царь Тутси, которому обычно приписывают создание древнего Царства Руанда. (ru)
- Gihanga I ("creador", "fundador") és un heroi cultural de Ruanda descrit en històries orals com un antic rei tutsi que acredita popularment l'establiment de l'antic regne de Ruanda. Les llegendes orals relaten que Gihanga va introduir elements fonamentals de la civilització dels Grans Llacs africans, inclòs el foc, el bestiar, el metall, la caça, la fusta i la ceràmica. És descrit com a posseïdor de talents en lideratge, tecnologia i religió. Es diu que va governar Ruanda des del seu palau al bosc de Buhanga, àrea que va mantenir la seva condició prohibida i sagrada fins que el govern la va obrir al públic el 2004. No hi ha proves concretes que indiquin que Gihanga va viure, encara que molts ruandesos consideren que era un rei viu. (ca)
- Gihanga I ("Creator", "Founder") is a Rwandan cultural hero described in oral histories as an ancient king popularly credited with establishing the ancient Kingdom of Rwanda. Oral legends relate that Gihanga descended from a line of 12 gods headed by and introduced foundational elements of the African Great Lakes civilization, including fire, cattle, metalworking, hunting, woodworking, and pottery. He was described as possessing talents in leadership, technology, and spirituality. It is said that Gihanga ruled Rwanda from his palace in the forest of Buhanga, an area that retained its forbidden and sacred status through the period of colonialism until the new government of Paul Kagame opened it to the public in 2004. No tangible evidence exists - apart from oral myths - to indicate that Gi (en)
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| has abstract
| - Gihanga I ("creador", "fundador") és un heroi cultural de Ruanda descrit en històries orals com un antic rei tutsi que acredita popularment l'establiment de l'antic regne de Ruanda. Les llegendes orals relaten que Gihanga va introduir elements fonamentals de la civilització dels Grans Llacs africans, inclòs el foc, el bestiar, el metall, la caça, la fusta i la ceràmica. És descrit com a posseïdor de talents en lideratge, tecnologia i religió. Es diu que va governar Ruanda des del seu palau al bosc de Buhanga, àrea que va mantenir la seva condició prohibida i sagrada fins que el govern la va obrir al públic el 2004. No hi ha proves concretes que indiquin que Gihanga va viure, encara que molts ruandesos consideren que era un rei viu. La llegenda diu que Gihanga va ser producte del matrimoni de dos llinatges. El seu gran avantpassat patern va ser Kigwa (Descendit dels cels), es deia que havia baixat a Ruanda des del cel per formar la línia reial, mentre que el costat de la seva mare descendia d'un ancestre anomenat Kabeja. El seu pare, Kazi, era un ferrer de qui Gihanga va aprendre l'art. Es diu que durant la seva infantesa havia viscut en diverses localitats, inclòs el poble oriental de Mubari i el llogaret del seu oncle matern, Bugoyi al nord-oest. Les narracions orals colonials van establir el regnat de Gihanga i l'establiment del Regne de Ruanda al segle xi. Segons la història oral de Ruanda, podrien haver existit diversos clans més petits durant el regnat de Gihanga, inclosos els clans Singa, Gesera, Zigaba i Rubanda. Segons la llegenda, Gihanga fou succeït per un fill seu anomenat Kanyarwanda Gahima (una paraula que significa Ruanda), de qui es diu que havia unificat Gatwa, Gahutu i Gatutsi, els avantpassats de les castes twa, Hutu i tutsi. Va sorgir una pràctica religiosa en honor de Gihanga a les parts nord-occidental i nord del centre de Ruanda, i va ser introduïda novament a la cort reial per Ruganzu II Ndoli, un destacat rei històric que va reforçar encara més el regne de Ruanda al segle xvi. Els elements de la religió incloïen el foc de Gihanga, que es va mantenir constantment encès durant segles a la cort reial en un lloc conegut com "el lloc on el bestiar es esmunyit", i es va dir que havia estat cremant contínuament des del regnat de Gihanga. El foc de Gihanga es va extingir a la fi del regnat de Yuhi V Musinga en 1932 per ordre de les autoritats belgues. L'enviament d'homenatges de la cort reial al lloc de Muganza a Rukoma sembla indicar que era la tomba de Gihanga; i el ramat de la cort reial es deia que descendia del propi ramat de Gihanga. Aquests bestiar van ser gestionat per la família Heka del clan Zigaba, que vivia a prop de la tomba i proporcionava a la cort alguns dels seus ritualistes més respectats i poderosos. Una altra família de ritualistes, el Tega del clan Singa, van obtenir el prestigi del fet que un dels seus avantpassats, Nyabutege, havia revelat el principi del tambor dinàstic (Kalinga) a Gihanga. (ca)
- Gihanga I ("Creator", "Founder") is a Rwandan cultural hero described in oral histories as an ancient king popularly credited with establishing the ancient Kingdom of Rwanda. Oral legends relate that Gihanga descended from a line of 12 gods headed by and introduced foundational elements of the African Great Lakes civilization, including fire, cattle, metalworking, hunting, woodworking, and pottery. He was described as possessing talents in leadership, technology, and spirituality. It is said that Gihanga ruled Rwanda from his palace in the forest of Buhanga, an area that retained its forbidden and sacred status through the period of colonialism until the new government of Paul Kagame opened it to the public in 2004. No tangible evidence exists - apart from oral myths - to indicate that Gihanga lived, although many Rwandans believe that he once lived . Legend tells that Gihanga was the product of the marriage of two lineages. The paternal lineage of his great-great-grandfather came from Kigwa ("Descended from Heavens"), who said to have come down to Rwanda from the heavens to form the royal line, while his mother's side descended from an ancestor named Kabeja. His father, Kazi (a descended god), was a blacksmith from whom Gihanga learned the art. Over the course of his childhood, he is said to have lived in several locations, including the eastern village of Mubari and his maternal uncles' village of Bugoyi in the northwest. Predominant colonial-influenced oral accounts set the reign of Gihanga and the establishment of the Kingdom of Rwanda in the 11th century but modern researchers and scholars dispute this account as the interpretation of Gihanga's deeds and qualities match characteristics of kings that lived during the bronze age . According to Rwanda's oral history, several smaller clans may have existed during Gihanga's reign, including those of the Singa, Gesera, Zigaba and Rubanda clans. Legend states that Gihanga was succeeded by a descendant named , who is said to have unified Gatwa, Gahutu and Gatutsi, the ancestors of the Twa, Hutu and Tutsi castes respectively. In later periods, a religious practice arose in honor of Gihanga in the northwestern and northern parts of central Rwanda, and was many centuries later re-introduced to the royal court by king Ruganzu Ndori - a remarkable historic king who further strengthened the Nyiginya Kingdom of Rwanda centuries later. Elements of the religion included the fire of Gihanga which was kept continually burning nonstop for centuries at the royal court at a site known as "the place where the cattle are milked", and was said to have been continuously burning since Gihanga's reign millennium back. Gihanga's fire was extinguished at the end of the reign of Yuhi V Musinga in 1932 on the orders of a Belgian governor; The sending of tributes from the royal court to a site at Muganza in Rukoma said to be Gihanga's tomb; and royal court's keeping of a herd of long-horned cattle said to have been descended from Gihanga's own herd. These cattle were managed by the Heka family of the Zigaba clan, who lived near the tomb and provided the royal court with some of its most respected and powerful ritualists. Another family of ritualists - the Tega of the Singa clan, similarly drew their prestige from the fact that one of their ancestors, Nyabutege, had reportedly received the principles of the dynastic drum (Kalinga) from Gihanga. (en)
- Gihanga (Twórca, Wynalazca) – pierwszy, historyczny władca (mwami) Rwandy. Według panował w latach 1091-1124. W tradycji ustnej otwiera listę jedenastu monarchów nazywanych Abami b'umuszumi (Królowie pasa). Zjednoczył pod swoim panowaniem liczne drobne państewka. Nie jest jednak pewne, czy udało mu się scalić wszystkie ziemie rwandyjskie. Po śmierci Gihangi państwo podzielili między siebie jego synowie. (pl)
- Гиханга («Творец», «Основатель») — культурный герой Руанды, описанный в фольклоре как древний царь Тутси, которому обычно приписывают создание древнего Царства Руанда. (ru)
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