A garpön is historically a local or regional leader in Tibet and parts of Ladakh who has command and prominence over a district or area. He is highly regarded by the people and respected as a governor although his power and authority is informal in a given area. Ultimate leadership and spiritual leadership in Tibet was always given centrally to the Dalai Lama in the capital of Lhasa. Garpöns were usually regarded as localized ministers to maintain district order. However, with the Chinese invasion of 1949, with Tibet now under the control of the People's Republic of China, the rulership of local district garpöns has diminished somewhat in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Sir Edward Birkbeck Wakefield has cited that in Ladakh there was often a senior and a junior garpön.
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| - Garpön (en)
- Garpön (nl)
- Гарпон (ru)
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| - A garpön is historically a local or regional leader in Tibet and parts of Ladakh who has command and prominence over a district or area. He is highly regarded by the people and respected as a governor although his power and authority is informal in a given area. Ultimate leadership and spiritual leadership in Tibet was always given centrally to the Dalai Lama in the capital of Lhasa. Garpöns were usually regarded as localized ministers to maintain district order. However, with the Chinese invasion of 1949, with Tibet now under the control of the People's Republic of China, the rulership of local district garpöns has diminished somewhat in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Sir Edward Birkbeck Wakefield has cited that in Ladakh there was often a senior and a junior garpön. (en)
- Een garpön was een lokale bestuurder in Tibet voor 1959 en delen van vroeger Ladakh. Hij had het commando en gezag over een district of een gebied. In Ladakh was er vaak sprake van een junior- en een seniorgarpön. Ander Tibetaanse bestuurders waren bijvoorbeeld de kalön tripa (premier) en de (minister), beide op nationaal niveau (kashag), de (legerofficier) en de mipön, eveneens een regionaal bestuurder. (nl)
- Гарпон (тиб. སྒར་དཔོན, Вайли sgar dpon) — местный или региональный лидер в Тибете и частях Ладакха, обладал некоторыми полномочиями в своём округе, несмотря на то, что он обладал традиционной и моральной, а не государственной властью, которая в Тибете перешла к Далай-ламам. Гарпоны стали по своему статусу приближаться к министрам безопасности в правительстве субъекта. Тем не менее, когда китайская армия в 1949 вошла в Тибет, важной задачей считалось устранить власть гарпонов в ТАР. Сир Эдвард Уэйкфилд сообщал, что в Ладакхе был Старший и Младший гарпон. (ru)
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| - A garpön is historically a local or regional leader in Tibet and parts of Ladakh who has command and prominence over a district or area. He is highly regarded by the people and respected as a governor although his power and authority is informal in a given area. Ultimate leadership and spiritual leadership in Tibet was always given centrally to the Dalai Lama in the capital of Lhasa. Garpöns were usually regarded as localized ministers to maintain district order. However, with the Chinese invasion of 1949, with Tibet now under the control of the People's Republic of China, the rulership of local district garpöns has diminished somewhat in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Sir Edward Birkbeck Wakefield has cited that in Ladakh there was often a senior and a junior garpön. In the film Seven Years in Tibet (1997 film), a garpön in western Tibet was played by Samdup Dhargyal and was cited as being the eminent ruler of the province. (en)
- Een garpön was een lokale bestuurder in Tibet voor 1959 en delen van vroeger Ladakh. Hij had het commando en gezag over een district of een gebied. In Ladakh was er vaak sprake van een junior- en een seniorgarpön. Een garpön stond in hoog aanzien bij de bevolking en handhaafde de orde in zijn gebied, hoewel zijn macht en autoriteit informeel was. Het ultieme leiderschap lag in Lhasa, bij de regenten in historisch Tibet en de dalai lama. In sommige regio's en bepaalde tijden lag deze bij andere spirituele leiders, zoals de pänchen lama, maar ook bij lokale vorsten zoals uit de Phagmodru- en de Tsang-dynastie. Ander Tibetaanse bestuurders waren bijvoorbeeld de kalön tripa (premier) en de (minister), beide op nationaal niveau (kashag), de (legerofficier) en de mipön, eveneens een regionaal bestuurder. (nl)
- Гарпон (тиб. སྒར་དཔོན, Вайли sgar dpon) — местный или региональный лидер в Тибете и частях Ладакха, обладал некоторыми полномочиями в своём округе, несмотря на то, что он обладал традиционной и моральной, а не государственной властью, которая в Тибете перешла к Далай-ламам. Гарпоны стали по своему статусу приближаться к министрам безопасности в правительстве субъекта. Тем не менее, когда китайская армия в 1949 вошла в Тибет, важной задачей считалось устранить власть гарпонов в ТАР. Сир Эдвард Уэйкфилд сообщал, что в Ладакхе был Старший и Младший гарпон. В фильме «Семь лет в Тибете» гарпона западного Тибета играл Самдуп Даргьял, и его охарактеризовали как выдающегося провинциального правителя. (ru)
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