In a notable study of power conducted by social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959, power is divided into five separate and distinct forms. They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert. This was followed by Raven's subsequent addition in 1965 of a sixth separate and distinct base of power: informational power. Whereby, this is to be considered "power" in social influential situations.
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| - قواعد السلطة حسب فرنش وريفن (ar)
- Formas de poder según French y Raven (es)
- French and Raven's bases of power (en)
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| - قواعد السلطة ستة حسب فرنش وريفن العالمين النفسيين الاجتماعيين، وهي سلطة الإجبار والجزاء والشرعية والمرجعية والخبرة ثم سلطة المعرفة. (ar)
- Según un notable estudio sobre el poder llevado a cabo por los psicólogos sociales John R. P. French y Bertram Raven en 1959, el poder se divide en cinco formas separadas y distintas. En 1965 Raven revisó este modelo para incluir una sexta forma mediante la separación del poder informativo como forma distinta del poder de los expertos. (es)
- In a notable study of power conducted by social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959, power is divided into five separate and distinct forms. They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert. This was followed by Raven's subsequent addition in 1965 of a sixth separate and distinct base of power: informational power. Whereby, this is to be considered "power" in social influential situations. (en)
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| - قواعد السلطة ستة حسب فرنش وريفن العالمين النفسيين الاجتماعيين، وهي سلطة الإجبار والجزاء والشرعية والمرجعية والخبرة ثم سلطة المعرفة. (ar)
- In a notable study of power conducted by social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959, power is divided into five separate and distinct forms. They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert. This was followed by Raven's subsequent addition in 1965 of a sixth separate and distinct base of power: informational power. French and Raven defined social influence as "a change in the belief, attitude, or behavior of a person (the target of influence) which results from the action of another person (an influencing agent)", and they defined social power as the potential for such influence, that is, the ability of the agent to bring about such a change using available resources. Relating to social communication studies, power in social influence settings has introduced a large realm of research pertaining to persuasion tactics and leadership practices. Through social communication studies, it has been theorized that leadership and power are closely linked. It has been further presumed that different forms of power affect one's leadership and success. This idea is used often in organizational communication and throughout the workforce. Though there have been many formal definitions of leadership that did not include social influence and power, any discussion of leadership must inevitably deal with the means by which a leader gets the members of a group or organization to act and move in a particular direction. Whereby, this is to be considered "power" in social influential situations. (en)
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