A Fixed-Field alternating gradient Accelerator (FFA; also abbreviated FFAG) is a circular particle accelerator concept that can be characterized by its time-independent magnetic fields (fixed-field, like in a cyclotron) and the use of alternating gradient strong focusing (as in a synchrotron). The initial concept of the FFA was developed in the 1950's, but was not actively explored beyond a few test machines until the mid-1980s, for usage in neutron spallation sources, as a driver for muon colliders and to accelerate muons in a neutrino factory since the mid-1990s.
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| - Fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator (en)
- FFAG 加速器 (ja)
- FFAG (ru)
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| - FFAG 加速器（FFAG かそくき 英: Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient accelerator）とは、1950年代初頭に開発が始められた円形加速器の型式の一つである。磁場が時間によって変化しないこと（fixed-field, サイクロトロンと同様）と、を持つこと（シンクロトロンと同様）が特徴であり、固定磁場強収束加速器とも呼ばれる。この特徴から、FFAG 加速器はサイクロトロンのような定常性（ビームが間欠的ではなく一定の出力で持続して得られる）とシンクロトロンのように比較的安価でボアの狭い小さな磁石リングで建造可能という利点を併せ持つ。 FFAG 加速器の開発は1967年を最後に十年以上停滞していたが、1980年代中盤から1990年代中盤にかけて核破砕による中性子線源用や およびにおけるミューオン加速器用にむけて再注目されはじめた。 FFAG 加速器研究の復活は特に日本において顕著で、複数のリングを持つ加速器が建造されている。この流れは、高周波加速空洞と電磁石の設計技術の進展に促されたところがある。 (ja)
- Ускоритель FFAG (Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient accelerator) — тип резонансного циклического ускорителя, в котором сочетаются признаки циклотрона (постоянное магнитное поле) и современного синхротрона (использование знакопеременной, жёсткой фокусировки). Другое название FFAG — кольцевой фазотрон. (ru)
- A Fixed-Field alternating gradient Accelerator (FFA; also abbreviated FFAG) is a circular particle accelerator concept that can be characterized by its time-independent magnetic fields (fixed-field, like in a cyclotron) and the use of alternating gradient strong focusing (as in a synchrotron). The initial concept of the FFA was developed in the 1950's, but was not actively explored beyond a few test machines until the mid-1980s, for usage in neutron spallation sources, as a driver for muon colliders and to accelerate muons in a neutrino factory since the mid-1990s. (en)
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| - A Fixed-Field alternating gradient Accelerator (FFA; also abbreviated FFAG) is a circular particle accelerator concept that can be characterized by its time-independent magnetic fields (fixed-field, like in a cyclotron) and the use of alternating gradient strong focusing (as in a synchrotron). In all circular accelerators, magnetic fields are used to bend the particle beam. Since the magnetic force required to bend the beam increases with particle energy, as the particles accelerate, either their paths will increase in size, or the magnetic field must be increased over time to hold the particles in a constant size orbit. Fixed-field machines, such as cyclotrons and FFAs, use the former approach and allow the particle path to change with acceleration. In order to keep particles confined to a beam, some type of focusing is required. Small variations in the shape of the magnetic field, while maintaining the same overall field direction, are known as weak focusing. Strong, or alternating gradient focusing, involves magnetic fields which alternately point in opposite directions. The use of alternating gradient focusing allows for more tightly focused beams and smaller accelerator cavities. FFAs use fixed magnetic fields which include changes in field direction around the circumference of the ring. This means that the beam will change radius over the course of acceleration, as in a cyclotron, but will remain more tightly focused, as in a synchrotron. FFAs therefore combine relatively less expensive fixed magnets with increased beam focus of strong focusing machines. The initial concept of the FFA was developed in the 1950's, but was not actively explored beyond a few test machines until the mid-1980s, for usage in neutron spallation sources, as a driver for muon colliders and to accelerate muons in a neutrino factory since the mid-1990s. The revival in FFA research has been particularly strong in Japan with the construction of several rings. This resurgence has been prompted in part by advances in RF cavities and in magnet design. (en)
- FFAG 加速器（FFAG かそくき 英: Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient accelerator）とは、1950年代初頭に開発が始められた円形加速器の型式の一つである。磁場が時間によって変化しないこと（fixed-field, サイクロトロンと同様）と、を持つこと（シンクロトロンと同様）が特徴であり、固定磁場強収束加速器とも呼ばれる。この特徴から、FFAG 加速器はサイクロトロンのような定常性（ビームが間欠的ではなく一定の出力で持続して得られる）とシンクロトロンのように比較的安価でボアの狭い小さな磁石リングで建造可能という利点を併せ持つ。 FFAG 加速器の開発は1967年を最後に十年以上停滞していたが、1980年代中盤から1990年代中盤にかけて核破砕による中性子線源用や およびにおけるミューオン加速器用にむけて再注目されはじめた。 FFAG 加速器研究の復活は特に日本において顕著で、複数のリングを持つ加速器が建造されている。この流れは、高周波加速空洞と電磁石の設計技術の進展に促されたところがある。 (ja)
- Ускоритель FFAG (Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient accelerator) — тип резонансного циклического ускорителя, в котором сочетаются признаки циклотрона (постоянное магнитное поле) и современного синхротрона (использование знакопеременной, жёсткой фокусировки). Другое название FFAG — кольцевой фазотрон. (ru)
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