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Most bony fishes have two sets of jaws made mainly of bone. The primary oral jaws open and close the mouth, and a second set of pharyngeal jaws are positioned at the back of the throat. The oral jaws are used to capture and manipulate prey by biting and crushing. The pharyngeal jaws, so-called because they are positioned within the pharynx, are used to further process the food and move it from the mouth to the stomach.

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  • Fish jaw (en)
  • 鱼嘴 (zh)
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  • 鱼嘴(fish mouth)也称鱼颚或鱼颌(fish jaw),是构成鱼类的口腔的骨骼、软骨、肌肉和韧带等软组织的组合结构,是鱼类消化道和呼吸道的开端。绝大多数硬骨鱼有两套颌骨——主要的口颌(oral jaws)负责开合嘴部并吞咬食物,而位于咽部后方的咽颌(pharyngeal jaws)则负责咀嚼和吞咽食物。软骨鱼类(比如鲨鱼和鳐鱼)只有由软骨组成的口颌。通常情况下,鱼类的颌骨由关节连接、垂直相对的上颌和下颌组成,并且可以拥有规则排列的牙齿。软骨鱼的口颌则会长出数套多次从内向外移动更换的牙齿。 鱼类的颌骨(特别是硬骨鱼)演化出了类似连杆机构的复杂结构,来适应水域生态系统中的各种竞争需求。比较明显的是能够迅速协调的将颌骨向前突出张开的平面四杆机构,使得鱼嘴可以迅速扩大口腔体积并产生负压将猎物吸入口中。鱼类的前上颌骨也配有这种结构,使得整个鱼嘴拥有三套四杆机构可以前后、上下、左右的口腔直径都产生扩大。 (zh)
  • Most bony fishes have two sets of jaws made mainly of bone. The primary oral jaws open and close the mouth, and a second set of pharyngeal jaws are positioned at the back of the throat. The oral jaws are used to capture and manipulate prey by biting and crushing. The pharyngeal jaws, so-called because they are positioned within the pharynx, are used to further process the food and move it from the mouth to the stomach. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NIE_1905_Fish_-_open_mouth_of_a_salmon.jpg
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FMIB_45458_Head_of_a_Malacosteus,_from_the_Andaman_Sea,_650_fathoms;_showing_the_enormous_mouth_and_formidable_dentition,_and_luminous.jpeg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dunkleosteus_skull_steveoc.jpg
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