A firm offer is an offer that will remain open for a certain period or until a certain time or occurrence of a certain event, during which it is incapable of being revoked. As a general rule, all offers are revocable at any time prior to acceptance, even those offers that purport to be irrevocable on their face. However, even when the period of irrevocability expires, the offer may still remain open until revoked or rejected according to the general rules regarding termination of an offer.
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| - Firm offer (en)
- 확정청약 (ko)
- 穩固要約 (zh)
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| - 확정청약은 청약자가 청약을 일정기간동안 철회하지 않겠다는 약속과 함께 하는 청약이다. 미국법상 청약은 자유롭게 철회할 수 있기 때문에 약인을 부가하지 않는 확정청약은 일반적으로 철회가 가능하나 미국통일상법전의 상인의 물품매매계약의 경우, 상인이 서명한 문서에 일정기간 확정청약을 하는 경우, 철회권이 없어진다. 기간을 명시하지 않은 경우, 3개월을 초과하지 않는 합리적인 기간 동안 청약은 확정적이다. (ko)
- 穩固要約（英語：Firm offer）是一種英美法系的專有概念，指的是於特定情況下，由契約當事人之一方所提出的要約是不可撤銷的。通常而言，英美法系中的所有要約均得於受要約人承諾該要約前任何時候撤銷之，即使是那些明示其為不可撤銷的要約亦同；但是英美法中的「商人穩固要約條款」卻是這一原則的重要例外。以下條文即為該例外的具體示例： 美國《統一商法典》第2-205條「穩固要約」： 由商人提出買入或賣出貨物之要約以書面作成，並經要約人簽名於其上，且該書面要約之條款明示保證其要約於約定期限內，或未定期限但定有以合理期間為期限且該期間不逾三個月內不可撤銷者，為穩固要約，要約人不得任意撤銷之。前項保證條款由受要約人提出者，應經要約人分別於條款上簽名，始生效力。 注意：不可撤銷期間經過後，該要約於要約人或受要約人依要約失效之規定撤回或拒絕前，仍屬有效。 根據美國《統一商法典》第2-205條的規定，下列情況中所提出之要約為穩固要約且不可任意撤銷之：
* 要約內容係為買入或賣出貨物者
* 要約係由商人提出者
* 要約經書面作成並簽名者 (zh)
- A firm offer is an offer that will remain open for a certain period or until a certain time or occurrence of a certain event, during which it is incapable of being revoked. As a general rule, all offers are revocable at any time prior to acceptance, even those offers that purport to be irrevocable on their face. However, even when the period of irrevocability expires, the offer may still remain open until revoked or rejected according to the general rules regarding termination of an offer. (en)
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| - A firm offer is an offer that will remain open for a certain period or until a certain time or occurrence of a certain event, during which it is incapable of being revoked. As a general rule, all offers are revocable at any time prior to acceptance, even those offers that purport to be irrevocable on their face. In the United States, an exception is the merchant firm offer rule set out in Uniform Commercial Code - § 2-205, which states that an offer is firm and irrevocable if it is an offer to buy or sell goods made by a merchant and it is in writing and signed by the offeror. Such an offer is irrevocable even in the absence of consideration. If no time is stated, it is irrevocable for a reasonable time, but in no event may a period of irrevocability exceed three months. Any such term of assurance in a form supplied by the offeree must be separately signed by the offeror. However, even when the period of irrevocability expires, the offer may still remain open until revoked or rejected according to the general rules regarding termination of an offer. If the offeree rejects, fails to accept the terms of the offer, fixed or otherwise, or makes a counter-offer, then the original offer is terminated. (en)
- 확정청약은 청약자가 청약을 일정기간동안 철회하지 않겠다는 약속과 함께 하는 청약이다. 미국법상 청약은 자유롭게 철회할 수 있기 때문에 약인을 부가하지 않는 확정청약은 일반적으로 철회가 가능하나 미국통일상법전의 상인의 물품매매계약의 경우, 상인이 서명한 문서에 일정기간 확정청약을 하는 경우, 철회권이 없어진다. 기간을 명시하지 않은 경우, 3개월을 초과하지 않는 합리적인 기간 동안 청약은 확정적이다. (ko)
- 穩固要約（英語：Firm offer）是一種英美法系的專有概念，指的是於特定情況下，由契約當事人之一方所提出的要約是不可撤銷的。通常而言，英美法系中的所有要約均得於受要約人承諾該要約前任何時候撤銷之，即使是那些明示其為不可撤銷的要約亦同；但是英美法中的「商人穩固要約條款」卻是這一原則的重要例外。以下條文即為該例外的具體示例： 美國《統一商法典》第2-205條「穩固要約」： 由商人提出買入或賣出貨物之要約以書面作成，並經要約人簽名於其上，且該書面要約之條款明示保證其要約於約定期限內，或未定期限但定有以合理期間為期限且該期間不逾三個月內不可撤銷者，為穩固要約，要約人不得任意撤銷之。前項保證條款由受要約人提出者，應經要約人分別於條款上簽名，始生效力。 注意：不可撤銷期間經過後，該要約於要約人或受要約人依要約失效之規定撤回或拒絕前，仍屬有效。 根據美國《統一商法典》第2-205條的規定，下列情況中所提出之要約為穩固要約且不可任意撤銷之：
* 要約內容係為買入或賣出貨物者
* 要約係由商人提出者
* 要約經書面作成並簽名者 (zh)
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