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The Marañón River basin, at a low point in the Andes which made it an attractive location for trade between the Inca Empire and the Amazon basin, once harbored numerous languages which have been poorly attested or not attested at all. Those of the middle reaches of the river, above the Amazon basin, were replaced in historical times by Aguaruna, a Jivaroan language from the Amazon which is still spoken there. The languages further upriver are difficult to identify, due to lack of data. The region was multilingual at the time of the Conquest, and the people largely switched to Spanish rather than to Quechua, though Quechua also expanded during Colonial times.

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  • Lenguas preincaicas de la cuenca del Marañón (es)
  • Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin (en)
  • Línguas pré-incas da bacia do Marañón (pt)
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  • Las lenguas preincaicas de la cuenca del Marañón son un conjunto de lenguas andinas escasamente documentadas habladas en el norte del Perú y el sureste de Ecuador en la cuenca del río Marañón. Las lenguas de la cuenca del Marañón y regiones cercanas tratadas aquí son: Malacato, Rabona, Bolona, Xiroa, Tabancale, Patagón, Sácata, Bagua, Copallín, Chirino y Chacha. Todas estas lenguas están actualmente extintas y tampoco constituyen una familia lingüística, por lo que tendrían orígenes diversos. Otras lenguas de la misma región que todavía tienen hablantes son tratadas en artículos independientes (lenguas jívaro-cahuapanas y lenguas hibito-cholón). La región de Marañón fue incorporada al imperio incaico por Huayna Cápac. (es)
  • As línguas pré-incas da bacia do rio Marañón são um conjunto de extintas, escassamente documentadas, que eram faladas no norte do Peru e no sudeste do Equador, na bacia do rio Marañón. As línguas da bacia do Marañón e regiões do entorno tratadas aqui são: Malacato, Rabona, Bolona, Xiroa, Tabancale, Patagão, Sácata, Bagua, Copallín, Chirino e Chacha. Todas essas línguas estão atualmente extintas e não formam uma família linguística, pois possuem origem diversas. Outras línguas da mesma região, que ainda possuem falantes, são tratadas em outros artigos ( e ). A região do Marañón foi incorporada ao império incaico por Huayna Capac. (pt)
  • The Marañón River basin, at a low point in the Andes which made it an attractive location for trade between the Inca Empire and the Amazon basin, once harbored numerous languages which have been poorly attested or not attested at all. Those of the middle reaches of the river, above the Amazon basin, were replaced in historical times by Aguaruna, a Jivaroan language from the Amazon which is still spoken there. The languages further upriver are difficult to identify, due to lack of data. The region was multilingual at the time of the Conquest, and the people largely switched to Spanish rather than to Quechua, though Quechua also expanded during Colonial times. (en)
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  • Patagón (en)
  • Patagón de Perico (en)
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  • Chirino (en)
  • Patagón (en)
  • Tabancale (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andean_Languages.png
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