Euthanasia in Canada in its legal voluntary form is called medical assistance in dying (MAID) and it first became legal along with assisted suicide in June 2016 to end the suffering of terminally ill adults. In March 2021, the law was further amended by Bill C-7 which permits assisted euthanasia in additional situations, including for certain patients whose natural death is not reasonably foreseeable, subject to additional safeguards. In 2021, more than 10,000 people died by euthanasia in Canada.
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| - Euthanasia in Canada (en)
- Aide médicale à mourir au Canada (fr)
- Эвтаназия в Канаде (ru)
- 加拿大安樂死議題 (zh)
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| - 安樂死在加拿大的法律中，稱為醫療輔助自殺（英語：medical assistance in dying (MAID)，法語：L'aide médicale à mourir (AMM) )。該法於2016年6月實施，以減輕「可預見的自然死亡」嚴重的病人的痛苦。 (zh)
- Euthanasia in Canada in its legal voluntary form is called medical assistance in dying (MAID) and it first became legal along with assisted suicide in June 2016 to end the suffering of terminally ill adults. In March 2021, the law was further amended by Bill C-7 which permits assisted euthanasia in additional situations, including for certain patients whose natural death is not reasonably foreseeable, subject to additional safeguards. In 2021, more than 10,000 people died by euthanasia in Canada. (en)
- Au Canada, l'aide médicale à mourir (AMM) est la locution (qualifiée d'ailleurs d'exercice euphémisant par certaines personnes critiques de cette pratique ou bien opposées à celle-ci) officiellement utilisé pour désigner principalement l'euthanasie (dans la loi provinciale québécoise et la loi fédérale canadienne), et également mais dans une moindre mesure (dans la loi fédérale canadienne seulement) pour désigner aussi le suicide assisté (qui porte alors le nom particulier d'«aide médicale à mourir auto-administrée»). Bien que la notion n'était prévue à l'origine que pour les malades en phase terminale qui demandaient l'euthanasie, l'aide médicale à mourir est progressivement étendue à des personnes qui ne sont pas en phase terminale, y compris des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux, (fr)
- Эвтаназия в Канаде в ее законной добровольной форме называется медицинской помощью при смерти (MAID), и впервые она стала законной наряду с ассистированным суицидом в июне 2016 года для прекращения страданий неизлечимо больных взрослых. В марте 2021 года закон был дополнен Биллем C-7, который разрешает помощь при смерти в дополнительных ситуациях, в том числе для некоторых пациентов, чья естественная смерть не является разумно предсказуемой, при условии соблюдения дополнительных мер. В 2021 году в Канаде было зарегистрировано более 10 000 случаев смерти в результате эвтаназии. (ru)
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| - An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make related amendments to other Acts (en)
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| - Euthanasia in Canada in its legal voluntary form is called medical assistance in dying (MAID) and it first became legal along with assisted suicide in June 2016 to end the suffering of terminally ill adults. In March 2021, the law was further amended by Bill C-7 which permits assisted euthanasia in additional situations, including for certain patients whose natural death is not reasonably foreseeable, subject to additional safeguards. In 2021, more than 10,000 people died by euthanasia in Canada. Bill C-14, passed by the Parliament of Canada in June 2016, amended the Canadian Criminal Code so as to legalize both physician-administered euthanasia (PAE) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and to govern access to both procedures in Canada. The bill disallowed for medically assisted death on the grounds of mental illness, long-term disability, or any curable condition and did not make euthanasia available to minors. Bill C-7 amended the law so as to allow for euthanasia because of mental illness. To prevent suicide tourism, it is available only to residents eligible for Canadian healthcare coverage. Advance directives are allowed in Canada for euthanasia if their death is reasonably foreseeable if they are likely to lose the capacity to consent in the near future (such as in cases of dementia or Alzheimer's disease where patients may want to die after they reach an advanced state of mental decline). Canada's euthanasia law includes legal safeguards aimed at preventing abuse and ensuring informed consent. Neither the legal witness nor the physicians involved can have any legal or financial interest in the outcomes of the patient. Consent must be repeatedly expressed, not implied, including in the moment right before death. Consent can be revoked at any time, in any manner. There are no consequences for backing out and there are no limits to how often it can be requested. To receive euthanasia, patients experiencing intolerable suffering must sign a written request expressing their wish to end their life in front of one independent witness who can confirm it was done willingly free of coercion. Next, two physicians and/or nurse practitioners must independently confirm their written agreement that the patient has an incurable grievous and irremediable medical condition that is in an advanced state of irreversible decline, and that the patient is capable and willing of receiving euthanasia. If their death is not reasonably foreseeable, a medical expert in the underlying medical condition must sign off on the request, their assessment must take at least 90 days, and they must be informed about and decline all other forms of treatment, including palliative care. Euthanasia was previously prohibited under the Criminal Code as a form of culpable homicide. The prohibition was overturned in a February 2015 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada in Carter v. Canada (Attorney General), which ruled that adults with grievous and irremediable medical conditions are entitled to euthanasia. The Court delayed its suspension of invalidity for a period of 12 months, to allow Parliament the opportunity to amend its laws if it so chose. In January 2016, the Court granted an additional four-month extension to the suspension to allow for further time. As an interim measure, it ruled that provincial courts can now begin approving applications for euthanasia pursuant to the criteria in the Carter decision. On 6 June 2016, the suspension of invalidity expired and the law was struck down. On 17 June 2016, a bill to legalize and regulate euthanasia passed in Canada's Parliament. The previous law's requirement that a natural death must be reasonably foreseeable and that the medical condition be grievous and irremediable medical condition had been controversial for how it limited the original Supreme Court of Canada ruling, mandating that euthanasia be made available to all adults with grievous and irremediable medical conditions. The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association (BCCLA) challenged the constitutionality of the previous law because it excluded people with long-term disabilities and those with "curable" medical conditions whose only treatment options people may find unacceptable. The BCCLA argued these medical conditions should qualify under the court's definition of grievous and irremediable. The BC Supreme Court and the Quebec Supreme court in Truchon ruled in 2019 that the law could not limit euthanasia only to individuals whose death was reasonably foreseeable. The current law prohibits mental illnesses as being considered as a grievous and irremediable condition, but this prohibition is set to expire on 17 March 2023. After this date, persons with a mental illness will be eligible for medical assistance in dying, subject to any further amendments to the law or any new regulations. Human rights advocates have criticized Canada's euthanasia laws for lacking safeguards, devaluing the lives of disabled people, prompting health workers and doctors to suggest euthanasia to people who would not otherwise consider it, and killing people who were not receiving adequate government support to continue living. (en)
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