Eliphalet Pearson (June 11, 1752 – September 12, 1826) was an American educator, the first Preceptor of Phillips Academy (1778–86), and the acting president of Harvard University (1804–06). He also co-founded the American Education Society. Pearson graduated from Harvard in 1773, where he was a member of the Hasty Pudding, after having attended Dummer Charity School (now known as The Governor's Academy). He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1781.